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. 2023 Sep 13;16(18):6192. doi: 10.3390/ma16186192

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Comparison of the experimental true stress and predicted results of the PSO-LSTM model at (a) $\dot{ε}$ = 10 s⁻¹; (b) $\dot{ε}$ = 1 s⁻¹; (c) $\dot{ε} = 0.1 s^{- 1}$ ; (d) $\dot{ε}$ = 0.01 s⁻¹.

Comparison of the experimental true stress and predicted results of the PSO-LSTM model at (a) $\dot{ε}$ = 10 s⁻¹; (b) $\dot{ε}$ = 1 s⁻¹; (c) $\dot{ε} = 0.1 s^{- 1}$ ; (d) $\dot{ε}$ = 0.01 s⁻¹.