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. 2022 Nov;173:94–100. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.09.009

Table 1.

Frequency and independent predictors of missing b or inconsistent smoking data in primary care recordsc

Missing tobacco consumption unitsb in primary care data (all invited current smokers, n=48,518)
Inconsistent smoking status valuesc in primary care data (all invited, n=95,297)
Affected 19,576 (40.3%) Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI) Affected 9,826 (10.3%) Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sex
 Female 7,827 (40.8) 1.0 1.0 5,232 (13.2) 1 1
 Male 11,749 (40.0) 0.97 (0.93 – 1.00)
p=0.085
0.9 (0.95 – 1.03)
p=0.521
4,594 (8.3) 0.60 (0.57 – 0.62)
p<0.001
0.45 (0.43 – 0.47)
p<0.001
Missinga 0 - - 1 - -



Age groups
55-59 8,070 (40.7) 1.0 1.0 3,216 (9.2) 1 1
 60-64 5,397 (40.5) 0.99 (0.95 – 1.04)
p=0.779
0.99 (0.95 – 1.04)
p=0.722
2,456 (9.8) 1.07 (1.01 – 1.13)
p=0.026
1.08 (1.02 – 1.14)
p=0.013
 65-69 3,305 (40.5) 0.99 (0.94 – 1.04)
p=0.702
0.98 (0.92 – 1.03)
p=0.375
2,020 (11.5) 1.28 (1.20 - 1.36)
p<0.001
1.38 (1.29 – 1.47)
p<0.001
 70-75 2,079 (39.1) 0.94 (0.88 – 1.00)
p=0.038
0.90 (0.84 – 0.96)
p=0.001
1,487 (11.6) 1.30 (1.21 – 1.38)
p<0.001
1.63 (1.51 – 1.75)
p<0.001
 >75 718 (38.2) 0.90 (0.82 – 0.99)
p=0.033
0.89 (0.81 - 0.99)
p=0.03
646 (13.0) 1.47 (1.34 – 1.60)
p<0.001
1.74 (1.58 – 1.92)
p<0.001
Missing 15 - - 28 - -



Ethnicity
 White
 British/mixed British 8,616 (41.0) 1.0 1.0 2,834 (6.7) 1 1
 Irish 557 (39.0) 0.92 (0.82 – 1.03)
p=0.138
0.93 (0.83 – 1.04)
p=0.175
141 (4.9) 0.73 (0.61 – 0.86)
p<0.001
0.73 (0.61 – 0.87)
p<0.001
 Other White 3,424 (41.2) (0.96 – 1.06)
p=0.731
(0.95 – 1.05)
p=0.955
1,181 (8.1) 1.24 (1.16 – 1.33)
p<0.001
1.34 (1.25 – 1.44)
p<0.001



Asian or Asian British
 Indian or British Indian 542 (42.1) 1.05 (0.82 – 1.26)
p=0.420
1.03 (0.92 – 1.16)
p=0.612
702 (22.9) 4.15 (3.78 – 4.55)
p<0.001
5.86 (5.30 – 6.46)
p<0.001
 Pakistani or British Pakistani 305 (37.9) 0.88 (0.76 – 1.02)
p=0.086
0.88 (0.76 – 1.02)
p=0.084
374 (21.6) 3.86 (3.42 – 4.35)
p<0.001
5.85 (5.16 – 6.63)
p<0.001
 Bangladeshi or British Bangladeshi 365 (18.8) 0.33 (0.29 – 0.37)
p<0.001
0.34 (0.30 – 0.38)
p<0.001
1623 (33.8) 7.16 (6.67 – 7.69)
p<0.001
9.79 (9.07 – 10.57)
p<0.001
 Other Asian 393 (40.1) 0.96 (0.85 – 1.10)
p=0.57
0.97 (0.85 – 1.10)
p=0.623
338 (16.2) 2.70 (2.39 – 3.05)
p<0.001
3.46 (3.05 – 3.93)
p<0.001



Black
 Caribbean 1,028 (41.8) 1.04 (0.95 – 1.13)
p=0.428
1.05 (0.96 – 1.15)
p=0.258
516 (11.6) 1.84 (1.67 – 2.03)
p<0.001
2.23 (2.02 – 2.48)
p<0.001
 African 440 (41.0) 1.00 (0.88 – 1.13)
p=0.997)
1.02 (0.90 – 1.15)
p=0.258
571 (22.2) 4.00 (3.62 – 4.43)
p<0.001
5.60 (5.04 – 6.22)
p<0.001
 Other black 434 (38.5) 0.90 (0.80 – 1.02)
p=0.106
1.02 (0.90 – 1.15)
p=0.802
207 (10.5) 1.64 (1.41 – 1.90)
p<0.001
2.14 (1.85 – 2.50)
p<0.001



Mixed
 White and black Caribbean 182 (47.4) 1.30 (1.06 – 1.60)
p=0.011
1.30 (1.06 – 1.59)
p=0.011
61 (9.5) 1.48 (1.13 – 1.93)
p=0.004
1.69 (1.29 – 2.21)
p<0.001
 White and black African 66 (38.8) 0.91 (0.67 – 1.25)
p=0.570
0.93 (0.68 – 1.27)
p=0.647
47 (15.0) 2.47 (1.81 – 3.38)
p<0.001
3.13 (2.27 – 4.30)
p<0.001
 White and Asian 80 (44.9) 1.18 (0.87 – 1.58)
p=0.284
1.12 (0.83 – 1.51)
p=0.462
33 (10.2) 1.60 (1.11 – 2.23)
p=0.011
1.79 (1.23 – 2.59)
p=0.002
 Mixed – other 148 (41.3) 1.02 (0.82 – 1.26)
p=0.889
1.03 (0.83 – 1.27)
p=0.797
64 (9.2) 1.42 (1.09 – 1.84)
p=0.009
1.56 (1.19 – 2.03)
p=0.001



Other
 Chinese 122 (36.7) 0.84 (0.67 – 1.05)
p=0.121)
0.91 (0.80 – 1.03)
p=0.129
79 (11.9) 1.89 (1.49 – 2.40)
p<0.001
2.32 (1.82 – 2.96)
p<0.001
 Other 919 (41.5) 1.02 (0.94 – 1.12)
p=0.627
0.81 (0.65 – 1.02)
p=0.074
459 (11.0) 1.74 (1.57 – 1.93)
p<0.001
2.00 (1.79 – 2.22)
p<0.001
 Not stated 343 (42.9) 1.08 (0.94 – 1.25)
p=0.283
1.02 (0.93 – 1.11)
p=0.725
153 (9.8) 1.53 (1.29 – 1.81)
p<0.001
1.63 (1.37 – 1.94)
p<0.001



Missing 3,638 - - 6,387 - -
National Index of Multiple Deprivation
 Quintile 1 (most deprived) 7,453 (38.5) 1 1 3,753 (10.6) 1 1
 Quintile 2 6,097 (40.8) 1.10 (1.06 – 1.15)
p<0.001
1.08 (1.04 – 1.13)
p=0.001
3,003 (10.4) 0.97 (0.93 – 1.02)
p=0.29
1.06 (1.01 - 1.12)
p=0.025
 Quintile 3 3,098 (42.1) 1.16 (1.10 – 1.23)
p<0.001
1.12 (1.06 – 1.19)
p<0.001
1,424 (9.3) 0.87 (0.81 – 0.92)
p<0.001
1.03 (0.96 - 1.10)
p=0.475
 Quintile 4 2,060 (42.2) 1.17 (1.09 – 1.24)
p<0.001
1.12 (1.05 – 1.20)
p=0.001
1,102 (10.0) 0.94 (0.87 – 1.00)
p=0.61
1.22 (1.13 – 1.32)
p<0.001
 Quintile 5 (least deprived) 649 (43.2) 1.21 (1.09 – 1.35)
p<0.001
1.18 (1.05 – 1.33)
p=0.005
447 (11.8) 1.13 (1.02 – 1.25)
p-0.023
1.53 (1.36 – 1.72)
p<0.001
Missing 488 - - 1,015 - -
a

Numbers with missing data relate to all included individuals (n = 48,518 and 95,297).

b

Missing tobacco consumption data defined as absence of recorded tobacco consumption units (e.g. cigarettes per day, grams of tobacco per week) in those with most recent smoking status recorded as “current smoker”.

c

Inconsistent smoking status data defined as most recent smoking status recorded as “never smoker” plus previous documentation as either current or former smoker in primary care record.