Table 2.
Characteristics of cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes that developed following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
| No. (Ref.) | 1 [10] | 2 [8] | 3 [7] | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Sato et al | Tang et al | Sasaki et al | Present case |
| Age | 45 | 50 | 45 | 47 |
| Gender | Male | Male | Female | Male |
| Type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | mRNA | Inactivated virus | mRNA | mRNA |
| Dose | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 3rd |
| Time to onset | 2 days | 5 days | 8 days | Within 1 day |
| Preceding infectious disease symptoms | None | None | None | None |
| Plasma glucose | 655 mg/dL | ND | 344 mg/dL | 658 mg/dL |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 8.0% | Near normal | 7.6% | 5.8% |
| Serum C-peptide | 0.13 ng/mL | 0.10 ng/mL | 0.33 ng/mL | < 0.1 ng/mL |
| Autoantibodies | GAD Ab (−) | GAD Ab (−) | GAD Ab (−) | GAD Ab ( +) |
| IA-2 Ab (−) | IA-2 Ab (−) | IA-2 Ab (−) | IA-2 Ab (−) | |
| ZnT8 Ab (−) | ZnT8 Ab (−) | ZnT8 Ab (−) | TgAb (−) | |
| TgAb (−) | TPOAb (−) | |||
| TPOAb (−) | ||||
| HLA genotype | DRB1*11:01/13:02 | DRB1*09:01/09:01 | DRB1*04:05/13:02 | DRB1*04:05/13:02 |
| DQB1*03:01/06:04 | DQB1*02:03/03:03 | DQB1*04:01/06:04 | DQB1*04:01/06:04 | |
| Other factors | Use of nivolumab | None | None | None |
SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid, Ab antibody, GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase, IA-2 insulinoma-associated protein-2, ZnT8 zinc transporter 8, Tg thyroglobulin, TPO thyroid peroxidase, HLA human leukocyte antigen, ND not described