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. 2023 May 28;27(5):1187–1194. doi: 10.1007/s10029-023-02803-1

Table 2.

Operative results (966 patients and 1,054 hernias)

Variable Value
Operation time (min)
 Unilateral hernias 35.5 ± 17.0
 Bilateral hernias 51.9 ± 25.5
Conversion to conventional laparoscopic surgery 1 (0.1%)
Blood loss (ml) Minimal
Postoperative hospital stay (days) 1.3 ± 0.8
Intraoperative complication
 Major bleeding 0
 Vascular injury 0
 Nerve injury 0
Postoperative complication
 Seroma 156 (14.8%)
 Hematoma 1 (0.1%)
 Urinary retention 22 (1.1%)
 Wound infection 5 (0.5%)
 Trocar hernias 0 (0.0%)
 Recurrence 1 (0.1%)
 Chronic pain 9 (0.9%)
 Mesh infection 0 (0.0%)

Values are reported as numbers and percentages unless otherwise indicated