Table 3.

Operative times comparison according to the completion of the learning phase of each step

Operative times (min)	Robotic surgeon			Robotic surgeon in training
	Learning phase	Proficiency phase	p	Learning phase	Proficiency phase	p
T1	5 (3–5)	3 (3–5)	0.020	5 (5–8)	4 (3–5)	0.0001
T2	31 (25–35)	23 (19–30)	0.015	44 (35–50)	31 (24–37)	< 0.001
T3	12 (10–15)	8 (6–11)	0.002	15 (13–17)	9 (6–12)	< 0.001
T4	13 (11–17)	7 (6–10)	0.001	11 (8–17)	7 (6–8)	0.007
Skin-to-skin	67 (60–75)	52 (45–65)	0.0001	90 (80–105)	65 (53–75)	0.0001