Table 1.
Demographic and behavioral characteristics
| Total (n=72; age range, 33–59) |
BSO combined (combined groups not taking hormone therapy and taking ERT; n=31; age range, 35–55) | AMC (n=25, age range, 33–51) |
SM (n=16; age range, 47–59) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSO (n=15; age range, 35–55) |
BSO+ERT (n=16; age range, 38–55) | |||||||||||
| Characteristic | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
| Age (years) | 47.03 | 0.81 | 45.67 | 1.03 | 46.53 | 1.51 | 44.75 | 1.33 | 43 | 0.91 | 56.06a | 0.81 |
| Education (years) | 17.87 | 0.35 | 17.96 | 0.51 | 18.21 | 0.60 | 17.53 | 0.79 | 18.54 | 0.73 | 16.88 | 0.54 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.02 | 0.51 | 25.58 | 0.86 | 25.65 | 0.81 | 25.31 | 1.46 | 24.29 | 0.86 | 25.20 | 0.91 |
| Verbal IQ | 39.49 | 1.31 | 38.68 | 2.24 | 40.07 | 2.95 | 37.27 | 3.20 | 40.10 | 1.80 | 40.31 | 2.94 |
| CES-D | 9.51 | 0.94 | 9.77 | 1.65 | 8.6 | 1.99 | 11.19 | 2.50 | 10.40 | 1.55 | 7.31 | 1.51 |
| PSS | 14.78 | 0.85 | 14.70 | 1.36 | 14.53 | 1.84 | 15.06 | 1.94 | 16.60 | 1.41 | 11.88 | 1.61 |
| Age at menopause (years) | 44.38 | 0.97 | 41.10 | 0.89 | 42 | 1.42 | 39.81 | 1.06 | NA | NA | 51.19a | 0.82 |
| Time since menopause (years) | 4.79 | 0.49 | 4.55 | 0.55 | 4.59 | 0.77 | 4.87 | 0.84 | NA | NA | 4.89 | 0.98 |
| Urinary E1G (ng/ml) | 28.79 | 2.40 | 28 | 3.44 | 19.85 | 2.13 | 34.74b | 5.70 | 37.46 | 4.74 | 17.68 | 3.30 |
| Urinary PdG (μ/ml) | 4.83 | 1.41 | 7.99 | 3.28 | 2.28 | 1.12 | 13.19 | 6.03 | 4.01 | 1.00 | 0.67b | 0.15 |
| Face-name task accuracy (%) | 83.88 | 1.32 | 84.64 | 1.95 | 85.71 | 2.49 | 83.93 | 2.88 | 87.43a | 2.14 | 76.56 | 2.61 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Current smoker | 5 | 6.94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.25 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 12.5 |
| APOE4 genotype | 13 | 18.06 | 4 | 12.90 | 4 | 26.67 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 28 | 2 | 13.33 |
| Right-handedness | 66 | 91.67 | 27 | 87.10 | 14 | 93.33 | 13 | 81.25 | 23 | 92 | 16 | 100 |
| History of chemotherapy | 8 | 11.11 | 7 | 22.58 | 6c | 40 | 1 | 6.25 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.25 |
| History of other cancer treatment | 7 | 9.72 | 6 | 19.35 | 6c | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.25 |
| Total history of cancer treatment | 10 | 13.89 | 8 | 25.81 | 7c | 46.67 | 1 | 6.25 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12.5 |
History of other cancer treatment included radio-therapy, and/or adjuvant tamoxifen use
Post hoc comparisons: Age: SM>AMC=BSO=BSO+ERT; Age at menopause: SM>BSO=BSO+ERT; Urinary E1G: BSO+ERT=AMC>BSO=SM; PdG: SM<AMC=BSO+ERT, AMC=BSO=BSO+ERT, BSO=SM; Face-name task accuracy: AMC>SM; History of cancer treatment: BSO>AMC=BSO+ERT=SM
Verbal IQ was estimated from the North American Adult Reading Test
Abbreviations: SEM standard error of the mean, SM spontaneous menopause, BSO bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, BSO+ERT bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with 17β-estradiol replacement therapy, with or without other hormone therapy types, BMI body mass index, APOE4 apolipoprotein E4 allele (genetic risk factor for AD), CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale, PSS Perceived Stress Scale, E1G estrone-3-glucuronide, PdG pregnanediol glucuronide, NA not applicable
aSignificant (p<0.05) post hoc Tukey’s HSD test
bSignificant Dunn test
cSignificant Pearson’s Chi-squared test