Table 3.

XPS spectra analysis for CdS/Gd₂O₃ and CdS/Gd₂O₃@GO

Composition	Band	Peak BE (eV)	Atomic %	Assignment	Ref
CdS/Gd2O3	C1s	284.9	39.5	C–C/C = C	(Liu et al. 2021)
	C1s scan A	285.8	37.2	C–N	(Liu et al. 2021)
	C1s scan B	289.8	23.2	π–π	(Li et al. 2021)
	O1s	532.3	65.6	C = O	(Liu et al. 2021)
	O1s scan A	530.9	16.8	Gd–O–Gd	(Lingamdinne et al. 2021)
	Cd3d	405.6	38.8	Cd 3d5/2	(Xing et al. 2020)
	Cd3d scan A	412.4	28.6	Cd 3d3/2	(Xing et al. 2020)
	Cd3d scan B	406.6	8.9	Cd 3d5/ 2	(Li et al. 2021)
	Cd3d scan C	413.3	5.2	Cd3d3/2	(Kande et al. 2019)
	Cd3d scan D	405.0	11.4	Cd 3d5/2	(Liu et al. 2021)
	Cd3d scan E	411.6	6.8	Cd 3d3/2	(Liu et al. 2021)
	Gd4d	143.0	42.9	Gd 4d5/2	(Barrera et al. 2018)
	Gd4d scan A	149.3	21.4	Gd 4d3/2	(Barrera et al. 2018)
	Gd4d scan B	145.5	29.2	Gd 4d3/2	(Sugyeong et al. 2021)
	Gd4d scan C	141.3	6.3	Gd 4d5/2	(Sugyeong et al. 2021)
	S2p	162.0	75.2	S 2p1/2	(Liu et al. 2021)
	S2p scan A	163.3	24.7	S 2p1/2	(Xing et al. 2020)
CdS/Gd2O3@GO	C1s	284.4	24.4	C–C/C = C	(Liu et al. 2021)
	C1s Scan A	289.8	20.0	π–π	(Li et al. 2021)
	C1s Scan B	285.5	55.5	C–N	(Liu et al. 2021)
	O1s	531.3	15.6	Gd–O	(Lingamdinne et al. 2021)
	O1s Scan C	532.0	38.4	OH group	(Kumaresan et al. 2020)
	O1s Scan E	532.2	45.8	C = O	(Liu et al. 2021)
	Cd3d	405.3	21.2	Cd 3d5/2	(Liu et al. 2021)
	Cd3d Scan A	412.0	14.3	Cd 3d3/2	(Xing et al. 2020)
	Cd3d Scan B	406.1	25.9	Cd 3d5/2	(Li et al. 2021)
	Cd3d Scan C	412.7	24.3	Cd 3d3/2	(Liu et al. 2021)
	Cd3d Scan D	410.8	1.6	Cd 3d3/2	(Xia et al. 2019)
	Cd3d Scan E	405.0	12.4	Cd 3d 3/2	(Yang et al. 2019)
	Gd4d	144.0	39.2	Gd 4d5/2	(Barrera et al. 2018)
	Gd4d Scan B	146.9	15.7	Gd 4d3/2	(Sugyeong et al. 2021)
	Gd4d Scan C	149.4	15.7	Gd 4d3/2	(Barrera et al. 2018)
	Gd4d Scan D	142.0	29.1	Gd 4d5/2	(Sugyeong et al. 2021)
	S2p	162.8	53.4	S 2p1/2	(Liu et al. 2021)
	S2p Scan A	161.7	46.6	S 2p3/2	(Liu et al. 2021)