Table 3.
Common clinical manifestations of RSV infected children in different age groups and HDI level countries
| Subgroups | Outcomes | Effect (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value | Number of included studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–1 y | |||||
| Mild | 0.55 (0.34––0.76) | 99.7 | < 0.001 | 5 | |
| Cough | 0.9 (0.83–0.98) | 96.6 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Fever | 0.4 (0.22–0.59) | 98.0 | < 0.001 | 5 | |
| Diarrhea | 0.24 (0.2–0.29) | 33.6 | 0.220 | 2 | |
| Moderate | 0.50 (0.32–0.68) | 99.5 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| Shortness of breath | 0.6 (0.29–0.9) | 98.8 | < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Wheezing | 0.42 (0.07–0.77) | 99.6 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Oxygen supplementation | 0.54 (0.53–0.55) | N/A | N/A | 1 | |
| Severe | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| ICU admission | 0.12 (0.09–0.16) | 99.8 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 94.5 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| 0–2 y | |||||
| Mild | 0.51 (0.28–0.75) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | 5 | |
| Cough | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) | 98.0 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Fever | 0.45 (0.31–0.58) | 98.7 | < 0.001 | 5 | |
| Diarrhea | 0.18 (0.08–0.27) | 98.5 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Moderate | 0.39 (0.26–0.51) | 99.6 | < 0.001 | 8 | |
| Shortness of breath | 0.57 (0.4–0.74) | 98.9 | < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Wheezing | 0.34 (0.19–0.5) | 99.5 | < 0.001 | 8 | |
| Oxygen supplementation | 0.26 (0.11–0.42) | 98.7 | < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Severe | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) | 99.6 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| ICU admission | 0.07 (0.05–0.08) | 99.7 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0.06 (0.03–0.08) | 93.6 | < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Very high HDIa | |||||
| Mild | 0.56 (0.33–0.80) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Cough | 0.9 (0.8–1.00) | 98.4 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 0.61 (0.37–0.86) | 99.0 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Fever | 0.59 (0.57–0.62) | 0.0 | 0.516 | 2 | |
| Diarrhea | 0.15 (0.14–0.17) | 0.0 | 0.928 | 2 | |
| Moderate | 0.25 (0.12–0.38) | 100 | < 0.001 | 8 | |
| Shortness of breath | 0.57 (0.54–0.59) | N/A | N/A | 1 | |
| Wheezing | 0.27 (0.18–0.35) | 99.0 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| Pneumonia | 0.03 (–0.02 to 0.09) | 98.1 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Oxygen supplementation | 0.27 (–0.26 to 0.80) | 100.0 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Severe | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) | 99.8 | < 0.001 | 12 | |
| ICU admission | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | 11 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 99.0 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| High HDIa | |||||
| Mild | 0.49 (0.30–0.68) | 100.0 | < 0.001 | 11 | |
| Cough | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | 97.5 | < 0.001 | 7 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 0.21 (–0.15 to 0.57) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Fever | 0.33 (0.27–0.40) | 96.4 | < 0.001 | 9 | |
| Diarrhea | 0.22 (0.06–0.38) | 98.5 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Moderate | 0.47 (0.32–0.61) | 99.9 | < 0.001 | 10 | |
| Shortness of breath | 0.54 (0.244–0.83) | 99.8 | < 0.001 | 6 | |
| Wheezing | 0.49 (0.33–0.66) | 99.5 | < 0.001 | 8 | |
| Pneumonia | 0.56 (–0.22 to 1.34) | 100.0 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Oxygen supplementation | 0.26 (0.15–0.37) | 98.1 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Severe | 0.05 (0.03–0.07) | 93.4 | < 0.001 | 5 | |
| ICU admission | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) | 88.5 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 87.7 | 0.004 | 2 | |
| Medium HDIa | |||||
| Mild | 0.76 (0.58–0.94) | 99.1 | < 0.001 | 3 | |
| Cough | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | N/A | N/A | 1 | |
| Rhinorrhea | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | N/A | N/A | 1 | |
| Fever | 0.59 (0.51–0.67) | 68.10 | 0.077 | 2 | |
| Moderate | 0.31 (0.16–0.46) | 99.0 | < 0.001 | 4 | |
| Shortness of breath | 0.34 (0.20–0.48) | 93.60 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Wheezing | 0.34 (–0.23 to 0.91) | 99.70 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
| Pneumonia | 0.25 (0.10–0.40) | 97.60 | < 0.001 | 2 | |
The bold values in the table represent the synthetic percentage of mild, moderate, and severe clinical symptoms in each subgroup
RSV respiratory syncytial virus CI confidential interval N/A not analyzed ICU intensive care unit HDI human development index
aAccording to the classification of the United Nations Development Program in the Human Development Report 1990, we classified the countries included in our study into very high HDI countries (the United States of America, Finland, Sweden, Japan, Canada, Netherlands, Mexico, France, Argentina), high HDI countries (China, Jordan, India), and mediun HDI countries (Nepal, Kenya, Guatemala)