Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Variable | All patient (n = 86,495) | Development cohort (n = 77,845) | Validation cohort (n = 8650) | Standardized difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.7 ± 15.3 | 65.7 ± 15.3 | 65.5 ± 15.5 | − 0.01 |
| Male | 68,027 (78.7%) | 61,515 (78.6%) | 6876 (79.5%) | − 0.008 |
| Treatment by citizen | 43,412 (50.2%) | 39,124 (50.3%) | 4288 (49.6%) | 0.005 |
| Chest compression by citizen | 42,673 (49.3%) | 38,460 (49.4%) | 4213 (48.7%) | 0.005 |
| Rescue breathing by citizen | 9976 (11.5%) | 8968 (11.5%) | 1008 (11.7%) | − 0.002 |
| AED by citizen | 3387 (3.9%) | 3039 (3.9%) | 348 (4.0%) | − 0.002 |
| EMS witness | 10,215 (11.8%) | 9220 (11.8%) | 995 (11.5%) | 0.003 |
| Biphasic defibrillation | 77,724 (89.9%) | 69,965 (89.9%) | 7759 (89.7%) | 0.002 |
| Defibrillation times | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 0.000 |
| Adrenaline | 19,772 (22.9%) | 17,731 (22.8%) | 2041 (23.6%) | − 0.007 |
| Prehospital ROSC | 28,695 (33.2%) | 25,849 (33.2%) | 2846 (32.9%) | 0.002 |
| Collapse-CPR time | 9.4 ± 6.2 | 9.4 ± 6.2 | 9.4 ± 6.2 | 0.000 |
| Collapse-first defibrillation time | 11.4 ± 6.8 | 11.4 ± 6.8 | 11.4 ± 6.8 | 0.000 |
| Collapse-hospital arrival time | 33.0 ± 14.5 | 33.0 ± 14.5 | 33.0 ± 14.7 | 0.000 |
| Daytime admission | 54,248 (62.7%) | 48,791 (62.7%) | 5457 (63.1%) | − 0.003 |
| Weekend admission | 30,286 (35.0%) | 27,213 (35.0%) | 3073 (35.5%) | − 0.004 |
| Survival at 1-month | 27,496 (31.8%) | 24,761 (31.8%) | 2735 (31.6%) | 0.002 |
| Neurologically favorable survival at 1-month | 19,190 (22.2%) | 17,284 (22.2%) | 1906 (22.0%) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as number (%) of patients, mean ± standard deviation.
AED, automated external defibrillator; CPC, cerebral performance category; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical services; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.