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. 2023 Sep 27;13:16156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43300-w

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Zinc and copper relieve GT-mediated Gram positive growth inhibition. (A) E. faecalis growth in the presence of gliotoxin (0–60 µM) supplemented with Zn (0, 10, 100, or 200 µM). (B) E. faecalis growth in the presence of gliotoxin (0–60 µM) supplemented with Cu (0, 10, 100, or 200 µM). (C) E. faecalis growth in the presence of gliotoxin (0–60 µM) supplemented with Mn (0, 10, 100, or 200 µM). (D) E. faecium growth in the presence of gliotoxin (0–60 µM) supplemented with Zn (0, 10, 100, or 200 µM). (E) E. faecium growth in the presence of gliotoxin (0–60 µM) supplemented with Cu (0, 10, 100, or 200 µM). (F) E. faecium growth in the presence of gliotoxin (0–60 µM) supplemented with Mn (0, 10, 100, or 200 µM). Culture conditions: GT 15 µM = 5 µg/ml. TSB media, metals added as ZnSO4.7H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, CuCl2 or MnCl2.4H2O and 18 h incubation. The OD600 values equate to the following CFU/ml for E. faecalis: 0.2 OD600 = 1.2 × 108 CFU/ml and 0.1 OD600 = 7 × 107 CFU/ml. Significant inhibition due to GT exposure is indicated with black asterisks (* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01, *** = P < 0.0001). Significant relief of inhibition at any metal concentration is shown with red asterisks (* = P < 0.05).