Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study/year	Design	Sample size (thiamine/placebo)	Age, mean (thiamine/placebo)	Male, n (%) (thiamine/placebo)	Experimental intervention	Primary outcome	Secondary outcomes
Donnino et al. (9)	Two-center randomized controlled trial	43/45	70/65	60/58	IV thiamine 200 mg, every 12 h, for 7 days or until hospital discharge	Lactate level 24 h after the first study medication dose	Lactate levels at 6 and 12 h Lactate change at 24 h Time to shock reversal APACHE II score at 24 h SOFA score at 24 h ICU and hospital length of stay In-hospital mortality
Harun et al. (10)	Single-center randomized controlled trial	32/33	63/67	62/55	IV thiamine 200 mg, every 8 h, for 3 days	Lactate changes over 24 h	Time for shock reversal Changes of the SOFA score over 72 h ICU length of stay ICU mortality
Petsakul et al. (11)	Single-center randomized controlled trial	25/25	64/66	68/48	IV thiamine 200 mg, every 12 h, for 7 days	Vasopressor-free days over 7 days	Lactate reduction within 24 h after administration of thiamine Vasopressor dependency index reduction within 24 h after administration of thiamine Changes in the vasopressor dependency index from baseline to day 7 Changes in SOFA scores from baseline to day 7 28-day mortality
Ap et al. (12)	Single-center randomized controlled trial	20/20	NA	NA	IV thiamine 200 mg, every 12 h, for 5 days	Mortality	Improvement in SOFA score (between day 1 and day 6)
Nandhini et al. (13)	Single-center randomized controlled trial	25/25	54/54	60/45	IV thiamine 2 mg/kg, every 8 h, for 3 days	Lactate (daily, for 3 days)	Dose and duration of vasopressor support SOFA score (daily, for 3 days) Need for RRT Hospital mortality