Table 2.

Participant concerns about AI in healthcare.

Themes (heading) and participant-generated titles (bulleted)	Number of items	% of total concerns	% of total items generated
Concerns about changes to healthcare
•Concerns related to the true nature of healthcare •Changes in the structure of the healthcare system •Deterioration of doctors’ diagnostic ability due to reliance on AI •What will happen in an age where AI is seen to be absolute? •What will happen in an age where AI surpasses doctors? (Both to patients and doctors)	13	25%	12%
Limitations and loss of autonomy
•Can AI understand the hearts/minds of patients/people? •Anxiety caused by what AI is lacking •Loss of treatment options and possibilities •Can AI be used effectively? •Negative perceptions of AI	11	21%	10%
Technical issues and accountability
•Ensuring the quality and accuracy of information •Program update and backup issues •Misdiagnoses, accidents, and accountability issues	9	17%	8%
Emerging disparities
•Disparities between people comfortable with new technologies and those who are not •Issues around disparities •Problems with literacy in relation to personal information/use of devices •Differences in implementation depending on the region, hospital, and doctor •Need to make the purpose of AI development clear	7	13%	7%
Data management issues
•Concerns about the system •Risk of leaks of personal information •Problems with the handling of personal information	7	13%	7%
Costs of implementation
•The costs of and time needed for implementation •Mistrust of the system	5	10%	5%
Total	52