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. 2023 Sep 13;14:1264208. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1264208

TABLE 7.

Effects of fermented Astragalus on intestinal morphological parameters of tiger grouper.

Items L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
Mucosal height 355.60 ± 135.23b 346.64 ± 170.09b 314.85 ± 144.72b 447.79 ± 252.91a 363.55 ± 149.26b 402.38 ± 157.20ab
Muscularis thickness 131.24 ± 27.12ab 113.93 ± 22.89b 115.20 ± 34.51b 154.85 ± 63.44a 134.05 ± 43.47ab 143.79 ± 29.01a
Mucosal number 32.33 ± 3.06 30.33 ± 1.53 30.00 ± 2.65 34.00 ± 6.08 33.33 ± 8.50 31.33 ± 0.58

Note: The control group (L0) was fed commercial complete feed with no added FAM, The treatment group (L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5) was fed commercial complete feed supplemented with FAM (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%, respectively). Different superscript letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05, n = 9).