Table 1.
Associations between selenium intakes and mortality and cancer outcomes.
| Outcome | Author-Year | Type | Population | No. of cases/total | Metrics | Estimates | 95%CI | No. of studies | Cohort | Case control | Cross-sectional | RCT | Effects model | I2 | Q test p value | Egger test p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality outcomes | ||||||||||||||||
| Significant associations | ||||||||||||||||
| All-cause mortality | Jayedi, 2018 | Diet | Adults | 10,285/141,404 | RRa | 0.79 | 0.73, 0.85 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Random | 0 | 0.95 | NA |
| Insignificant associations | ||||||||||||||||
| All-cause mortality | Bjelakovic, 2007 | Supplement | Adults | NA/1,993 | RRa | 0.85 | 0.68, 1.07 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Random | 0 | NA | NA |
| Cancer outcomes | ||||||||||||||||
| Significant associations | ||||||||||||||||
| All cancer | Lee, 2009 | Supplement | Adults | NA/152,538 | RRa | 0.76 | 0.58, 0.99 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | Random | NA | NA | NA |
| All cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRb | 0.96 | 0.92, 0.99 | 106c | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | Random | 30.6 | 0.003 | NA |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | Bjelakovic, 2004 | Supplement | Adults | 164/6,077 | RRe | 0.49 | 0.36, 0.67 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | Random | 0 | 0.94 | NA |
| Liver cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 135/6,326 | RRa | 0.52 | 0.35, 0.79 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | Random | 12 | 0.34 | NA |
| Liver cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRe | 0.78 | 0.68, 0.90 | 14c | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | Random | 11.2 | 0.331 | NA |
| Pancreatic cancer | Wang, 2016 | Supplement | Adults | 1424/132,165 | RRa | 0.659 | 0.489, 0.889 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Random | 47.6 | 0.089 | 0.766 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Chen, 2016 | Diet | Adults | 980/110,817 | ORa | 0.47 | 0.26, 0.85 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Random | 82.8 | 0.000 | NA |
| Skin cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRb | 1.12 | 1.04, 1.20 | 21c | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | Random | 0 | 0.970 | NA |
| Insignificant associations | ||||||||||||||||
| Breast cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 94/2,260 | RRa | 1.44 | 0.96, 2.17 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Random | 0 | 0.78 | NA |
| Breast cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRa | 1.89 | 0.69, 5.52 | 2c | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | Random | 0 | 0.527 | NA |
| Head and neck cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 22/2,811 | RRa | 1.22 | 0.52, 2.85 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Random | 0 | 0.79 | NA |
| Colorectal cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 159/20,259 | RRa | 0.74 | 0.41, 1.33 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Random | 48 | 0.15 | NA |
| Colorectal cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRe | 1.04 | 0.94, 1.16 | 14c | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | Random | 0 | 0.562 | NA |
| Esophageal cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 8/2,811 | RRa | 0.53 | 0.12, 2.28 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Random | 0 | 0.47 | NA |
| Esophageal cancer | Hong, 2016 | Diet | Adults | 701/9262 | RRd | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Random | 0 | 0.628 | 0.738 |
| Melanoma | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 32/3,277 | RRa | 1.28 | 0.63, 2.59 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Random | 0 | 0.98 | NA |
| Non-melanoma skin cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | NA/5,661 | RRa | 1.23 | 0.73, 2.08 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | Random | 58 | 0.07 | NA |
| Lung cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 299/20,259 | RRa | 1.03 | 0.78, 1.37 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Random | 28 | 0.25 | NA |
| Lung cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRe | 1.08 | 0.89, 1.31 | 4e | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | Random | 25.7 | 0.257 | NA |
| Bladder cancer | Vinceti, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 146/20,259 | RRa | 1.10 | 0.79, 1.52 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Random | 0 | 0.73 | NA |
| Bladder cancer | Kuria, 2020 | Diet | Adults | NA/579,878 | RRabe | 1.16 | 0.76, 1.78 | 2c | NA | NA | NA | 2 | Random | 0 | 0.817 | NA |
| Prostate cancer | Sayehmiri, 2018 | Supplement | Adults | 23,994/45,638 | RRa | 0.9 | 0.74, 1.09 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | Random | 54.3 | NA | NA |
| Prostate cancer | Sayehmiri, 2018 | Diet | Adults | 5,206/80,020 | RRa | 1 | 0.98, 1.02 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | Random | 0 | NA | 0.007 |
CI, confidence interval; NA, not available; OR, odds ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RR, relative risk.
a
Highest versus lowest.
b
>55 μg/day versus never.
c
The number of doses.
d
10 μg/day selenium intake increase.
e
All dose versus never.