Table 1. Characteristics of 200 Included Studies.
| Characteristic | Count, No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Domain | |
| Infectious diseases | 43 (22) |
| Cardiology | 30 (15) |
| Oncology | 30 (15) |
| Nephrology | 14 (7) |
| Endocrinology | 11 (6) |
| Rheumatology | 10 (5) |
| Internal medicine | 9 (5) |
| Neurology | 7 (4) |
| Psychiatry | 6 (3) |
| Other | 40 (20) |
| Data source | |
| Electronic health record data | 49 (25) |
| Linked dataa | 46 (23) |
| Claims data | 36 (18) |
| Registry | 32 (16) |
| Prospective cohortb | 30 (15) |
| Randomized clinical trial | 6 (3) |
| Not reported | 1 (1) |
| Sample size, median (IQR)c | |
| Sample eligible | 11 253 (2157-101 078) |
| Sample analyzed | 9799 (1995-98 718) |
| Primary outcome | |
| Death | 72 (36) |
| Major adverse cardiovascular eventd | 19 (10) |
| Cancer | 8 (4) |
| Other | 101 (51) |
| Treatment strategies compared, No. | |
| 2 | 187 (94) |
| 3 | 5 (3) |
| 4 | 4 (2) |
| 5 | 2 (1) |
| 6 | 2 (1) |
| 10 | 1 (1) |
| Type of treatment strategy, No./total No.(%)e | |
| Pharmacological | 228/435 (52) |
| No change to current treatment | 82/435 (19) |
| Otherf | 61/435 (14) |
| Surgical | 37/435 (9) |
| Vaccine | 19/435 (4) |
| Medical device | 8/435 (2) |
Data in which 2 or more data sources are combined, eg, a registry is linked to a claims database.
Studies could only contribute to 1 data source item; if data collection for a cohort was conducted prospectively, the data source was classified only as a prospective cohort, even if data collection took place in the form of electronic health records or other data source listed.
The sample size includes the number of unique participants.
As major adverse cardiovascular event is often described heterogeneously, myocardial infarction, stroke, or major adverse cardiovascular event as defined by the authors were included; where the primary outcome was death, even if from cardiovascular events, the outcome was classified as death.
A given study may contribute 2 or more treatment strategies, which may be different, ie, 2 pharmacological treatment strategies compared with 2 no change to current treatment strategies.
The other category includes health care consultations, health care programs, organ transplants, and other interventions that would not fall under the other categories listed.