Table 2.
Age-Adjusted Absolute Prevalence Difference (95% CI) for E-Cigarette Use Among Demographic and Socioeconomic Groups*
| Variable | Current E-Cigarette User |
Daily E-Cigarette User |
|---|---|---|
| Combustible cigarette smoking status | ||
| Never | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Current | 12.8 (12.3 to 13.3) | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.0) |
| Former | 6.6 (6.1 to 7.0) | 4.9 (4.5 to 5.3) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Female | −1.8 (−2.1 to −1.6) | −0.9 (−0.1 to −0.7) |
| Age † | ||
| 18–24 y | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| 25–29 y | −1.7 (−2.5 to −0.9) | 0.1 (−0.4 to 0.6) |
| 30–34 y | −3.5 (−4.2 to −2.7) | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.3) |
| 35–39 y | −4.0 (−4.7 to −3.2) | −0.7 (−1.1 to −0.3) |
| 40–44 y | −4.6 (−5.3 to −3.8) | −0.9 (−1.3 to −0.5) |
| 45–49 y | −4.8 (−5.5 to −4.0) | −1.0 (−1.4 to −0.5) |
| 50–54 y | −5.2 (−6.0 to −4.6) | −1.2 (−1.6 to −0.8) |
| 55–59 y | −5.6 (−6.3 to −5.0) | −1.3 (−1.6 to −0.9) |
| 60–64 y | −6.5 (−7.1 to −5.9) | −1.6 (−2.0 to −1.3) |
| 65–69 y | −7.5 (−8.1 to −6.9) | −1.9 (−2.2 to −1.6) |
| 70–74 y | −7.9 (−8.5 to −7.3) | −2.0 (−2.3 to −1.6) |
| 75–79 y | −8.5 (−9.1 to −7.9) | −2.2 (−2.5 to −1.8) |
| ≥80 y | −9.0 (−9.5 to −8.4) | −2.4 (−2.7 to −2.1) |
| Sexual orientation ‡ | ||
| Heterosexual | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Lesbian/gay | 1.9 (0.4 to 3.4) | 0.6 (−0.3 to 1.4) |
| Bisexual | 3.6 (2.2 to 4.9) | 1.5 (0.5 to 2.5) |
| Gender identity ‡ | ||
| Cisgender | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Transgender | 3.2 (0.38 to 6.1) | 1.7 (−0.2 to 3.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| African American | −2.3 (−2.7 to −1.9) | −1.4 (−1.6 to −1.8) |
| Alaskan and Native American | 1.3 (0 to 2.7) | 0.3 (−0.5 to 1.2) |
| Asian | −2.9 (−3.5 to −2.4) | −1.2 (−1.6 to −0.9) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | −0.1 (−2.0 to 1.8) | 0.1 (−1.2 to 1.1) |
| Multiracial | 2.8 (0.1 to 4.6) | 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.8) |
| Hispanic | −3.0 (−3.4 to −2.7) | −1.4 (−1.5 to −1.2) |
| Employment status | ||
| Employed forwages | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Self-employed | 0.4 (−0.1 to 0.9) | −0.4 (−0.6 to −0.1) |
| Out of work for ≥1 y | 1.4 (0.5 to 2.2) | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.2) |
| Out of work for <1 y | 1.9 (1.1 to 2.7) | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5) |
| Homemaker | −1.4 (−1.9 to −1.0) | −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.3) |
| Student | −1.4 (−1.8 to −0.9) | −0.7 (−1.0 to −0.5) |
| Retired | 0.9 (0.2 to 1.5) | 0 (−0.4 to 0.3) |
| Unable to work | 4.5 (3.8 to 5.3) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Income | ||
| Below the poverty line | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Within 100%–200% of the poverty line | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.8) |
| >200% of the poverty line | −0.5 (−0.9 to −0.1) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) |
| Highest education level | ||
| Less than high school diploma | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| High school diploma | 0.6 (0 to 1.1) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) |
| Some college | −1.3 (−1.8 to −0.8) | 0 (−0.2 to 0.2) |
| Exercise during the past 30 d | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | −0.6 (−1.0 to −0.3) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) |
| Body mass index | ||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | −0.7 (−1.6 to 0.2) | −0.3 (−0.8 to 0.2) |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | −0.9 (−1.8 to 0) | −0.2 (−0.7 to 0.3) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | −0.7 (−1.6 to 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4) |
| Relationship status | ||
| Not partnered | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Partnered | −1.8 (−2.1 to −1.5) | −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.2) |
| Consumption of 1 alcoholic drink during the past 30 d | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.0) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) |
| Diabetes status | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Prediabetes | 0 (−1.0 to 1.0) | −0.4 (−0.8 to 0.1) |
| Diabetes | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.2) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.5) |
| Cancer | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.5) | 0.4 (0 to 0.9) |
| Asthma | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.2 (0 to 0.5) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 7.1 (6.2 to 8.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) |
| Depression | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 4.9 (4.5 to 5.3) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.0) |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||
| No | 0.0 (reference) | 0.0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.0) | 1.2 (0.4 to 2.0) |
*
Values are prevalence differences (95% CIs) presented as percentage points.
†
Values were not adjusted with age.
‡
Asked in the following states and territories: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.