Table 4.
Association of choline with the total and specific CVD.
| Subgroup | OR (95%CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | ||
| Q1 | Reference | |
| Q2 | 0.863 (0.659, 1.131) | 0.271 |
| Q3 | 0.848 (0.654, 1.098) | 0.200 |
| Q4 | 0.693 (0.520, 0.923) | 0.014 |
| CHF | ||
| Q1 | Reference | |
| Q2 | 0.807 (0.578, 1.127) | 0.197 |
| Q3 | 0.998 (0.668, 1.490) | 0.992 |
| Q4 | 0.743 (0.501, 1.103) | 0.133 |
| CHD | ||
| Q1 | Reference | |
| Q2 | 1.035 (0.733, 1.461) | 0.837 |
| Q3 | 0.874 (0.666, 1.146) | 0.314 |
| Q4 | 0.788 (0.539, 1.151) | 0.207 |
| Stroke | ||
| Q1 | Reference | |
| Q2 | 0.848 (0.609, 1.182) | 0.316 |
| Q3 | 0.858 (0.584, 1.262) | 0.421 |
| Q4 | 0.646 (0.457, 0.913) | 0.016 |
The model was adjusted for the parameters of age, gender, race, BMI, education level, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity category, hypertension, DM, and PIR. Choline: Q1: < 197 mg/d, Q2: 197–282 mg/d, Q3: 282–392 mg/d, Q4: ≥ 392 mg/d. CHF: congestive heart failure; CHD: coronary heart disease.