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. 2023 Sep 21;15(18):4081. doi: 10.3390/nu15184081

Table 6.

Comparison of healthy adult serum cytokine concentrations.

Cytokine This Study Kleiner et al., 2013 [28] Kim et al., 2019 [29] 1 Biancotto et al., 2013 [30]
IFN-γ 5.51 2 ~160 13.1–10.3 543–823 3
Il-1β 8.21 <3.2 2.04–2.52 4.6–4.3
IL-1RA 3.50 279–305
IL-2 1.30 14 5.13–5.18 N/A
IL-3 N/A 4 <12
IL-4 3.70 ~8 33.4–36
IL-5 4.40 5.8–8
IL-6 1.98 ~11 2.91–2.57 18.3–24.9
IL-7 2.50 13.5 52.2–59.5
IL-8 3.22 29.3 23.9–27.6 38.3–44.2
IL-9 32.7 23.3 113.5–573.3
IL-10 7.65 12.6 3.06–6.16 2.7
IL-12p70 7.04 34.8 7.4–12.2 42.3–53.4
IL-13 52.7 ~15 11.2–14.1
IL-17A 5.88 208–202
TNF-α 24.3 ~30 3.21–4.94 37–68.7

1 Range provided from children to elderly. 2 pg/mL. 3 Men/Women. 4 Undetected.