Table 2.
Dietary daily intake of 28 food groups between age groups, among steatosis and non-steatosis subjects in the MICOL cohort.
| Food-Groups * | Total Cohort | Adults (n = 726) |
p ^ | Elderly (n = 757) |
p ^ | p † | p ¥ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Steatosis | ||||||||
| No (n = 320) |
Yes (n = 406) |
No (n = 334) |
Yes (n = 423) |
||||||
| Dairy | 74.05 ± 98.95 | 69.62 ± 90.45 | 77.55 ± 105.09 | 0.17 | 48.09 ± 71.53 | 65.50 ± 103.08 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Low Fat Dairy | 68.20 ± 101.54 | 64.93 ± 97.19 | 70.78 ± 104.83 | 0.30 | 56.00 ± 90.26 | 64.64 ± 101.88 | 0.14 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Eggs | 9.02 ± 7.93 | 9.28 ± 8.39 | 8.81 ± 7.54 | 0.33 | 8.01 ± 6.54 | 8.26 ± 6.44 | 0.76 | 0.11 | 0.78 |
| White Meat | 21.53 ± 28.30 | 21.10 ± 27.05 | 21.87 ± 29.26 | 0.78 | 14.57 ± 21.79 | 17.48 ± 29.62 | 0.10 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Red Meat | 25.30 ± 29.28 | 24.08 ± 31.61 | 26.26 ± 27.28 | 0.01 | 17.03 ± 29.94 | 21.76 ± 28.60 | 0.004 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Processed Meat | 4.87 ± 8.61 | 4.53 ± 9.55 | 5.13 ± 7.78 | 0.01 | 3.07 ± 10.48 | 3.81 ± 6.78 | 0.004 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fish | 20.12 ± 24.31 | 19.43 ± 24.60 | 20.66 ± 24.08 | 0.11 | 13.95 ± 23.53 | 17.33 ± 23.29 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Seafood/Shellfish | 4.71 ± 10.40 | 4.37 ± 11.74 | 4.98 ± 9.21 | 0.003 | 2.67 ± 5.28 | 3.88 ± 6.76 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Leafy Vegetables | 45.57 ± 61.99 | 46.28 ± 62.43 | 45.01 ± 61.68 | 0.69 | 32.81 ± 53.35 | 40.37 ± 58.46 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fruiting Vegetables | 72.44 ± 84.10 | 70.54 ± 84.97 | 73.95 ± 83.42 | 0.30 | 49.32 ± 71.58 | 64.78 ± 78.87 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Root Vegetables | 14.59 ± 27.31 | 15.64 ± 28.05 | 13.77 ± 26.71 | 0.01 | 11.68 ± 12.63 | 12.36 ± 22.86 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
| Other Vegetables | 66.31 ± 87.96 | 66.37 ± 87.89 | 66.26 ± 88.07 | 0.89 | 45.58 ± 69.32 | 58.15 ± 79.62 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| Legumes | 26.40 ± 29.43 | 25.96 ± 30.34 | 26.75 ± 28.70 | 0.84 | 19.64 ± 22.01 | 26.19 ± 31.40 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 0.02 |
| Potatoes | 13.250 ± 16.78 | 13.12 ± 16.04 | 13.26 ± 17.35 | 0.76 | 12.34 ± 9.71 | 14.81 ± 21.16 | 0.78 | 0.05 | 0.0005 |
| Fruits | 360.64 ± 447.71 | 353.08 ± 448.85 | 366.60 ± 446.99 | 0.36 | 282.37 ± 416.41 | 330.17 ± 424.41 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | 0.0005 |
| Nuts | 3.36 ± 5.91 | 3.78 ± 6.41 | 3.04 ± 5.47 | 0.005 | 2.44 ± 2.92 | 2.50 ± 4.54 | 0.30 | 0.001 | 0.14 |
| Grains | 116.08 ± 121.37 | 111.95 ± 118.24 | 119.33 ± 123.76 | 0.30 | 100.94 ± 124.62 | 107.44 ± 119.96 | 0.20 | <0.0001 | 0.0004 |
| Olives and Vegetable Oil | 33.40 ± 37.23 | 31.62 ± 33.36 | 34.80 ± 39.99 | 0.07 | 29.97 ± 40.38 | 37.52 ± 51.68 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.59 |
| Sweets | 18.79 ± 35.36 | 19.67 ± 39.75 | 18.10 ± 31.49 | 0.83 | 11.43 ± 18.95 | 14.92 ± 36.26 | 0.08 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Sugary | 12.71 ± 18.57 | 13.62 ± 19.58 | 12.00 ± 17.71 | 0.21 | 7.46 ± 11.03 | 8.90 ± 15.11 | 0.12 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Juices | 9.25 ± 22.46 | 9.80 ± 24.80 | 8.82 ± 20.44 | 0.47 | 7.59 ± 14.92 | 7.15 ± 11.38 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 0.16 |
| Caloric Drinks | 11.35 ± 40.90 | 9.44 ± 27.72 | 12.86 ± 47.82 | 0.06 | 7.85 ± 17.98 | 10.92 ± 44.51 | 0.91 | 0.03 | 0.56 |
| Ready to Eat Dishes | 34.63 ± 45.13 | 35.37 ± 51.63 | 34.05 ± 39.26 | 0.23 | 17.70 ± 32.64 | 22.14 ± 35.60 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Coffee | 44.71 ± 41.61 | 43.33 ± 40.25 | 45.79 ± 42.64 | 0.33 | 27.41 ± 32.36 | 32.46 ± 34.88 | 0.04 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Wine | 109.13 ± 140.77 | 96.11 ± 123.20 | 119.41 ± 152.50 | 0.06 | 118.27 ± 117.26 | 128.29 ± 142.47 | 0.59 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Beer | 30.03 ± 79.08 | 22.18 ± 57.27 | 36.23 ± 92.29 | 0.08 | 20.13 ± 43.72 | 24.63 ± 67.56 | 0.29 | <0.0001 | 0.17 |
| Spirits | 1.66 ± 4.58 | 1.45 ± 4.19 | 1.83 ± 4.87 | 0.21 | 1.40 ± 3.88 | 1.58 ± 3.96 | 0.90 | <0.0001 | 0.01 |
| Water | 666.74 ± 270.02 | 675.32 ± 277.50 | 659.97 ± 263.93 | 0.16 | 657.08 ± 233.96 | 644.66 ± 224.52 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.87 |
| Total Kcal (die) | 2035.34 ± 778.18 | 1979.34 ± 720.40 | 2061.70 ± 768.83 | 0.24 | 1954.00 ± 747.95 | 2118.41 ± 858.95 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.56 |
* As mean and standard deviation (M ± SD). Food groups were calculated on the quantity of daily consumption (grams). ^ Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann–Whitney); † Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann–Whitney) between adults and the elderly without steatosis; ¥ Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann–Whitney) between adults and the elderly with steatosis. Abbreviations: Kcal, kilocalorie.