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. 2023 Sep 15;28(18):6648. doi: 10.3390/molecules28186648

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schema of the oxidation of α-bitter acids and β-bitter acids to humulinones and hulupones, respectively [20,26]. Prefixes n-, co-, ad-, pre-, and post- are identical for various analogs of both humulones and lupulones and are determined by the structure of the acyl side chain (R), which is presented below the figure.