Table 2.
Relations between clinical- and lifestyle-related factors and risks of breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women 1 (n = 582).
| Pre-Menopausal | Post-Menopausal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Control/Case | Model 1 2 aOR (95% CI) |
p | No. of Control/Case | Model 2 3 aOR (95% CI) |
p | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 184/134 | 0.98 (0.91–1.07) | 0.679 | 113/151 | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 0.023 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Yes | 89/46 | 1 | 71/70 | 1 | ||
| No | 95/88 | 2.10 (1.21–3.65) | 0.008 | 42/81 | 1.58 (0.88–2.84) | 0.122 |
| High-fat & sugar dietary pattern |
||||||
| Tertile 1 | 30/34 | 1 | 61/69 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2 | 58/48 | 0.91 (0.44–1.89) | 0.809 | 35/53 | 1.33 (0.70–2.53) | 0.378 |
| Tertile 3 | 96/52 | 0.70 (0.34–1.45) | 0.336 | 17/29 | 1.25 (0.56–2.78) | 0.589 |
| p for trend 4 | 0.287 | 0.451 | ||||
| Plant-based dietary pattern |
||||||
| Tertile 1 | 58/58 | 1 | 24/54 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2 | 63/40 | 0.40 (0.20–0.77) | 0.007 | 39/52 | 0.43 (0.20–0.93) | 0.033 |
| Tertile 3 | 63/36 | 0.23 (0.11–0.49) | <0.001 | 50/45 | 0.28 (0.12–0.65) | 0.003 |
| p for trend 4 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Animal protein dietary pattern |
||||||
| Tertile 1 | 64/37 | 1 | 41/52 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2 | 63/44 | 1.18 (0.60–2.30) | 0.631 | 40/47 | 0.85 (0.43–1.66) | 0.625 |
| Tertile 3 | 57/53 | 1.44 (0.69–3.03) | 0.331 | 32/52 | 0.99 (0.47–2.07) | 0.980 |
| p for trend 4 | 0.396 | 0.922 | ||||
| Age at menarche (year) | ||||||
| >12 | 160/112 | 1 | 107/138 | 1 | ||
| ≤12 | 23/22 | 2.49 (1.10–5.64) | 0.029 | 6/13 | 2.18 (0.70–6.75) | 0.178 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <150 | 174/117 | 1 | 85/113 | 1 | ||
| ≥150 | 9/17 | 2.26 (0.80–6.40) | 0.126 | 28/38 | 0.55 (0.27–1.11) | 0.092 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||
| ≥40 | 179/120 | 1 | 104/140 | 1 | ||
| <40 | 4/14 | 6.74 (1.76–25.83) | 0.005 | 9/11 | 0.85 (0.28–2.55) | 0.766 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| No | 178/121 | 1 | 109/142 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 6/13 | 1.08(0.30–3.89) | 0.910 | 4/9 | 1.22(0.29–5.16) | 0.791 |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||
| No | 180/121 | 1 | 105/143 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 4/13 | 4.51(1.18–17.29) | 0.028 | 8/8 | 0.95(0.27–3.41) | 0.943 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||||
| <1000 | 34/22 | 1 | 27/22 | 1 | ||
| 1000–1199 | 33/19 | 1.20 (0.47–3.06) | 0.699 | 32/33 | 1.92 (0.80–4.58) | 0.142 |
| 1200–1399 | 32/25 | 1.91 (0.76–4.79) | 0.169 | 22/39 | 4.06 (1.60–10.30) | 0.003 |
| ≥1400 | 85/67 | 1.68 (0.70–4.02) | 0.241 | 32/57 | 5.55 (2.04–15.11) | 0.001 |
| p for trend 4 | 0.192 | <0.001 | ||||
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 1 Data are expressed as OR (95% confidence interval (CI)), and p < 0.05 was considered significantly different. 2 Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between the tertile levels of three dietary patterns and breast cancer risk, upon adjusting for age, BMI, education year, family history of breast cancer, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, age at menarche, triglyceride, HDL-C, and energy intake among pre-menopausal women. 3 Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between the tertile levels of three dietary patterns and breast cancer risk, upon adjusting for age, BMI, education year, family history of breast cancer, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, age at menarche, triglyceride, HDL-C, and energy intake among post-menopausal women. 4 p for trend was performed through simple linear regression analysis.