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. 2023 Sep 13;14:1218015. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218015

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of chlorogenic acid compounds.Inline graphic:promote; Inline graphic:inhibit; CGA:chlorogenic acid; VCAM-1:vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; MDA:malonaldehyde; NADPH:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ROS:reactive oxygen species; TLR4:toll like receptor 4; MyD88:myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88); P-P38:phosphorylated P38 kinase; P-PERK1:phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1; P-PERK2:phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-2; p-JNK:phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase.