Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included.
| Single-Arm Studies | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, Year of Publication | Country | Study Type | Period of Enrollment | No. of Patients | Procedure | Substance |
| Chang et al., 1997 [17] | China | Prospective cohort | 1994–1996 | 32 | † US-guided sclerotherapy | Tetracycline 1%. Instilled 20% of cyst fluid volume and left in situ. |
| Mesogitis et al., 2000 [18] | Greece | Prospective cohort | ‡ N/A | 11 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Methotrexate 30 mg diluted in 3 mL saline solution |
| Koike et al., 2002 [19] | Japan | Retrospective cohort | 1996–1998 | 110 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 50%. Instilled 100% of cyst fluid volume for 5 min. |
| Fisch et al., 2004 [20] | USA | Prospective cohort | N/A | 11 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Tetracycline 5%. Instilled volume 5–10 mL. |
| Agostini et al., 2006 [21] | France | Prospective cohort | 2002–2003 | 14 | Methotrexate sclerotherapy | Methotrexate 30 mg diluted in 3 mL saline solution |
| Ikuta et al., 2006 [22] | Japan | Prospective cohort | 1999–2005 | 18 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 100% for 5 min. |
| Hsieh et al., 2008 [23] | Taiwan | Prospective cohort | 2002–2005 | 108 | US-guided sclerotherapy for 10 min (n = 78); retention sclerotherapy (n = 30) | Ethanol 95%. Instilled 80% of cyst fluid volume and ≤100 mL. |
| Gatta et al., 2010 [24] | Italy | Prospective cohort | 2006–2008 | 50 | US- or § LPS-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 95%. Instilled 100% of cyst fluid volume and left in situ. |
| André et al., 2011 [25] | Brazil | Prospective cohort pilot | 2007–2010 | 21 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol. Instilled 80% of cyst fluid volume and <60 mL for 5 min. |
| Shawki et al., 2011 [26] | Egypt | Randomized controlled trial | 2007–2010 | 93 | Methotrexate sclerotherapy (n = 93); aspiration (n = 95) | Methotrexate. 30 mg diluted in 3 mL normal saline solution. |
| Wang et al., 2011 [27] | China | Prospective cross-sectional | 2006–2008 | 132 | US-guided sclerotherapy for 10 min (n = 66); retention sclerotherapy (n = 66) | Ethanol 95%. Instilled 50% of cyst fluid volume. |
| Aflatoonian et al., 2013 [28] | Iran | Randomized controlled trial | 2011–2012 | 20 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 98%. Instilled 80% of cyst fluid volume for 10 min. |
| Garcia-Tejedor et al., 2015 [29] | Spain | Prospective cohort | 2016–2018 | 25 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol. Instilled 66% of cyst fluid volume and <100 mL for 15 min. |
| Begum et al., 2015 [30] | Bangladesh | Prospective cohort | 2005–2013 | 53 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 95%. Instilled and removed 75% of aspirated fluid. Re-instilled 5 to 10 mL and left in situ |
| Wang et al., 2015 [31] | China | Prospective cohort | 2010–2012 | 105 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 95%. Instilled 50% of cyst fluid volume and <100 mL and left in situ. |
| Han et al., 2018 [32] | South Korea | Prospective cohort | 2015–2017 | 14 | Catheter-directed sclerotherapy | Ethanol 95%. Instilled 25% of cyst fluid volume and <100 mL for 20 min. |
| Aflatoonian et al., 2020 [33] | Iran | Retrospective cross-sectional | 2013–2017 | 53 | Sclerotherapy with retention of ethanol (n = 27); no retention (n = 16) | Ethanol 98%. Instilled 60% of cyst fluid volume for 10 min. |
| Miquel et al., 2020 [34] | France | Retrospective cohort | 2013–2017 | 37 | US-guided sclerotherapy | Ethanol 96%. Instilled 60% of cyst fluid volume and <60 mL for 10 min. |
| Huang et al., 2021 [35] | Taiwan | Retrospective cross-sectional | 2008–2018 | 124 | Sclerotherapy with retention of ethanol and CA-125 91 U/mL (n = 44); no retention and CA-125 91 U/mL (n = 80) | Ethanol 95%. Instilled variable 3–10 mL of cyst fluid volume for 1–3 min. |
| Lee et al., 2022 [36] | South Korea | Retrospective cohort | 2014–2021 | 18 | Catheter-directed sclerotherapy | Ethanol 99%. Instilled 25% of cyst fluid volume for 20 min. |
| Meng et al., 2022 [37] | China | Prospective cohort | 2020–2021 | 70 | US-guided pelvic artificial isolation with fluid | Ethanol 95%. Instilled 33% of cyst fluid volume and <60 mL for 1 min. |
| Comparative studies, included for meta-analysis | ||||||
| Noma et al., 2001 [38] | Japan | Retrospective cross-sectional | 1993–1998 | 100 | US-guided sclerotherapy (n = 74); laparoscopic cystectomy (n = 26) | Ethanol. Instilled 80% of cyst fluid volume and <100 mL. |
| Suganuma et al., 2002 [39] | Japan | Prospective cross-sectional | N/A | 59 | US-guided sclerotherapy (n = 23); laparoscopic cystectomy (n = 36) | Ethanol |
| Yazbeck et al., 2009 [40] | France | Prospective cross-sectional | 2004–2008 | 56 | US-guided sclerotherapy (n = 35); laparoscopic cystectomy (n = 36) | Ethanol 100%. Instilled 80% of cyst fluid volume and <60 mL for 10 min. |
| Lee et al., 2014 [41] | South Korea | Retrospective cohort | 2008–2012 | 65 | US-guided sclerotherapy (n = 29); surgical resection (n = 36) | Ethanol 20%. Instilled and flushed 80–90% of cyst fluid volume. |
| Garcia-Tejedor et al., 2020 [42] | Spain | Prospective cohort pilot | 2016–2018 | 31 | US-guided aspiration plus sclerotherapy (n = 17); laparoscopic cystectomy (n = 14) | Ethanol 100%. Instilled 66% of the cyst fluid volume and <100 mL for 15 min. |
| Alborzi et al., 2021 [43] | Iran | Prospective cross-sectional | 2013–2020 | 101 | US-guided sclerotherapy (n = 44); laparoscopic cystectomy (n = 57) | Ethanol 96%. Instilled 80% of the cyst fluid volume and left in situ. |
| Koo et al., 2021 [44] | South Korea | Randomized controlled trial | 2011–2019 | 71 | Catheter-directed sclerotherapy (n = 20); surgical excision (n = 51) | Ethanol 99%. Instilled 25% of the cyst fluid volume and <100 mL for 20 min. |
| Martinez-Garcia et al., 2021 [45] | Spain | Prospective cohort pilot | N/A | 40 | US-guided aspiration plus sclerotherapy (n = 16); laparoscopic cystectomy (n = 10) | Ethanol 100%. Instilled 66% of the cyst fluid volume and <100 mL for 15 min. |
† US: ultrasound; ‡ N/A: not available; § LPS: laparoscopy.