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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 May 29;69(9):2486–2497. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17218

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Continuous association between SPPB score and risk of (A) heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and (B) heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Restricted cubic spline showing the continuous adjusted association between SPPB score and risk of incident HF. The shaded area shows the 95% confidence interval. The model was adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, income, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, hypertension, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, diabetes status, statin medication, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, high-sensitivity troponin, and natriuretic peptide levels.

Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery