Table 4.
Various analytical methods for the determination of isoflavones in kudzu root.
| Sample Matrix/Source | Analytes | Instrument Type | Stationary Phase | Mobile Phase | Flow Rate; Injection | Determination | LOD/LOQ | Recovery (%) |
RSD (%) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PuerariaeFlos | Isoflavones | HPLC | C18-column-column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) | A:water B:acetonitrile |
1 mL/min; 20 µL | 245 nm | LOD:0.0014 mg/600 µL LOQ:0.0036 mg/600 µL |
98.41 | 0.79 | [46] |
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin, daidzin, daidzein | pCEC | EP-100–20/45–3-C18 capillary column | A:45%methanol B:55% 17.5 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.0) |
0.08 mL/min | 250 nm | LOD:0.02–0.03 µg/mL | 98.5–100.3 | <4.0 | [47] |
| PuerariaeLobatae Radix | Nine isoflavones | HPLC | ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) |
A:0.1% formic acid-water B:acetonitrile |
1 mL/min; 10 µL | 100.3–101.1 | 0.33–1.3 | [8] | ||
| Kudzu food | Puerarin | LC-MS/MS | Cadenza CL-C18 column (3 × 100 mm, 3 µm) | A:ammonium formate in 0.2% formic acid B:2 mM ammonium formate and 0.2% formic acid in 95% acetonitrile |
0.5 mL/min; 5 µL | LOD:0.013 µg/mL LOQ:0.063 µg/mL |
83.3–108.2 | [49] | ||
| PuerariaeLobatae Radix | Six isoflavones | UPLC | BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) | A:acetonitrile B:0.05% formic acid |
0.2 mL/min; 2 µL | 250 nm | 97.78–99.63 | 1.0–2.3 | [50] | |
| Kudzu roots (KR) | Isoflavones | HPLC-DAD | Poroshell 120 EC-C18-column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 2.7 µm) | A:containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid in the water B:containing 0.1% acetic acid (v/v) |
0.7 mL/min; 5 µL | 245 nm | [51] | |||
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin and daidzein | NCAE | Uncoated fused silica capillary column 50 cm × 75 µm ID | 90 mmol/L-1 sodium cholate-3.0% acetic acid-15% acetonitrile in methanol | Injection pressure: 50 mbar Injection time: 5 s |
254 nm | LOD:0.4 µg/mL LOQ:0.2 µg/mL |
96.72; 97.26 | 1.94; 2.17 | [53] |
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin | HPLC-IR | Pgrandsil C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) | Methanol: 36% acetic acid:water = 25:3:72 (v/v) | 1.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 250 nm | [54] | |||
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin and daidzein | HPLC | Spherigel C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) | A:methanol B:wate |
1.0 mL/min; 10 mL | 250 nm | 99.87; 100.32 | 0.70; 1.80 | [55] | |
| Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii | Six isoflavones | HPLC | C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm), | A:methanol B:0.2% acetic acid |
0.8 mL/min, 10 µL | 250 nm | 98.0–103.4 | [58] | ||
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin | UV | A:phosphoric acid-water B:acetonitrile |
99.56 | 1.14 | [59] | ||||
| Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii | Flavonoids | UV | 250 nm | 103.29 | 2.90 | [60] | ||||
| Kudzu food | Nine isoflavones | pCEC | C18 column (100 µm × 45 cm, 3 μm); | Acetonitrile-15 mmol/L buffer solution of potassium phosphate (15:85, v/v) | 40 µL | 230 nm | LOD:0.5~1.0 mg/kg LOQ:2.0~5.0 mg/kg |
86.2~98.6 | 1.9~5.3 | [61] |
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin and daidzein | Differential pulse voltammetry | Ep = 0.600 V | 75.31–87.24 | [62] | |||||
| Roots, stems, leaves and flowers of pueraria lobata | Flavonoids | UV-Vis | 250 nm | 99.96 | 0.89 | [63] | ||||
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin | HPLC | C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) | A:methanol B:water |
1 mL/min | 250 nm | 97.3–99.2 | 3.72–6.21 | [66] | |
| Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii | Four isoflavones | HPLC | YMC-Pack ODS-A C18-column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) | A:water B:methanol |
1.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 254 nm | 96.52–100.22 | 0.75–1.84 | [68] | |
| Pueraria lobata | Three isoflavones | HPLC | Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) | A:methanol B:water |
0.7 mL/min | 250 nm | 99.0–109.1 | 0.99–1.93 | [69] | |
| Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii | Six isoflavones | HPLC | Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 4 µm) | A:0.1% phosphoric acid B:acetonitrile |
1.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 250 nm | 97.40~101.93 | 1.40~2.85 | [70] | |
| Pueraria lobata | Five isoflavones | HPLC | Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) | A:methanol B:water |
1.0 mL/min | 260 nm | 96.0–100.1 | 0.68–1.17 | [71] | |
| Kudzu food | Puerarin | Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum | λex/λem = 340 nm/466 nm | LOD: 1.27 × 10−3 µg/mL | 95.82~100.33 | [72] | ||||
| Pueraria lobata | Flavonoids | GC/MS | HP-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) | Helium gas | 1.0 mL/min; 1 µL | 510 nm | 98.60 | 1.86 | [73] | |
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin and daidzein | HPLC | Agilent chromatographic column (4.6 mm × 250 mm) | A:phosphoric acid-water B:acetonitrile |
1 mL/min; 10 µL | 203 nm | 99.56–100.96 | 1.98–2.13 | [74] | |
| Pueraria lobata | Four isoflavones | HPLC | C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) | A:acetonitrile B:0.1% formic acid-water |
0.8 mL/min; 10 µL | 254 nm | 97.6~103.6 | <2.0 | [76] | |
| Pueraria lobata | Total flavonoids and puerarin | UV-Vis and HPLC | Methanol-water (25:75) | 1.0 mL/min | 250 nm | 94.16–98.4 | 1.42–2.38 | [77] |