Table 5.
Comparison of oxidative potential of particulate matter related to the marine sector, assessed by DTT assay, for different port cities of the world.
| Port City | OPvDTT Related to the Marine Sector (nmol min−1 m−3) |
Observation Period | Fuel Sulfur Regulation at Sea |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marseille (France) |
0.10–0.19 Daily mean in PM2.5 |
July 2020 | 0.5%S (global regulation) |
This study |
| Marseille (France) |
0.41 Daily mean in PM10 |
January 2015 to January 2016 | 1%S (global regulation) |
[87] |
| Port-de-Bouc (France) |
0.30 Daily mean in PM10 |
June 2014 to May 2015 | 1%S (global regulation) |
[87] |
| Bangkok (Thailand) |
0.35 ± 0.10 Daily mean in TSP |
January 2016 to January 2017 | 1%S (global regulation) |
[89] |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan, YRD (China) | 0.53 Annual mean in PM2.5 |
October 2017 to August 2018 | 1%S (global regulation) |
[90] |
| Greater Los Angeles Area, CA (USA) | 0.07–0.15 Seasonal mean in PM2.5 |
September 2019 to February 2020 | California: 0.1%S (within 24 nmi) | [88] |