Figure 7.

Use case 3: discovering shared molecular mechanisms for multiple chemical exposures. CTD Tetramers is used to independently generate tetramers that connect the phenotypes “spermatogenesis” and “apoptotic process” to male infertility. Comparing the data types from these 2 sets of tetramers discovers 50 shared chemicals and 3 shared genes. Many of the chemicals can be grouped into different sources of exposure, including cigarettes, phthalates, pesticides, and arsenics; yet these diverse chemicals have interactions with shared genes that modulate the 2 phenotypes apoptosis and spermatogenesis, suggesting that different exposures from different sources can potentially converge upon the same molecular mechanisms toward the same potential disease outcome. Note: for simplicity, not all genes or shared chemicals are shown.