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Exposure to third-hand e-vapour, with or without nicotine, has no effect on airway smooth muscle actin. Alpha smooth muscle actin staining and quantification in (a) small (20× magnification, a scale bar = 100 μm) and (b) large (10× magnification, a scale bar = 250 μm) airways of mice exposed to 4 weeks of third-hand e-vapour with (18 mg) or without (0 mg) nicotine. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests, n = 6–9/group.
