Figure 3.

Exposure to third-hand e-vapour with nicotine induces remodelling of the airway epithelium and emphysema-like alveolar enlargement. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining and quantification in (a) small (20× magnification, a scale bar = 100 μm) and (b) large airways (10× magnification, a scale bar = 250 μm) airways of mice exposed to 4 weeks of third-hand e-vapour with (18 mg) or without (0 mg) nicotine. Representative images of parenchyma (40× magnification, a scale bar = 50 μm) and (c) mean linear intercept quantification Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests, n = 7–8/group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.