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. 2023 Sep 27;21:670. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04536-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — ICAM2 suppresses GC growth in vitro and in vivo. a Assessment of transfection efficiency by Western blotting after overexpression or knockdown of ICAM2 in GC cells. b, c Results of cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay demonstrating the effects of ICAM2 overexpression and knockdown on GC cell growth. d, e Flow cytometry analysis examining the impact of ICAM2 overexpression or knockdown on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in GC cells. f Western blotting analysis of apoptosis‐related proteins in ICAM2-overexpressing or knockdown cells. g, h Growth curve and weight measurements of xenografts in immunodeficient mice with stable expression of vector control or ICAM2. (i, j) Growth curve and weight measurements of xenografts in immunodeficient mice injected with control or ICAM2-sh cells. k H&E and IHC staining images of primary tumor tissue with or without ICAM2 overexpression. l H&E and IHC staining images of primary tumor tissue with or without ICAM2 knockdown