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Effect of water salinity on B. subtilis (K3) efficiency in controlling AHPND. Shrimp were treated with B. subtilis (K3) for 10 h following the challenge with VPAHPND (strain RY) at 104 CFU·mL−1 by the immersion method. Shrimp were reared at different salinities, including 5 ppt, 20 ppt, and 40 ppt. **** p < 0.0001 compared with the control for each salinity.
