Table 2.

Safety and adverse events of hyaluronic acid (HA) in rheumatology.

Study	Design	Participants	Findings	References
Petrella et al. (2008)	Systematic review	24 randomized controlled trials	HA injections had a low incidence of adverse events, with most being mild and transient in nature.	[111]
Shen et al. (2018)	Meta-analysis	84 randomized controlled trials	HA injections were generally well tolerated, with low rates of serious adverse events.	[115]
Najm et al. (2021)	Systematic review and meta-analysis	15 randomized controlled trials	HA injections demonstrated a favourable safety profile, with rare reports of hypersensitivity reactions and infections.	[116]
Conrozier et al. (2021)	Review (Delphi method)	24 statements	HA injections were associated with a low risk of adverse events, with most being localized and self-limiting.	[117]
Chevalier et al. (2020)	Systematic review and meta-analysis	162 randomized controlled trials	HA injections were well tolerated, with a low incidence of serious adverse events and local reactions.	[118]

Summary of selected studies that have examined the safety profile and adverse events associated with the use of HA in rheumatology. It is important to note that the incidence and nature of adverse events may vary across studies and patient populations. For a comprehensive understanding, it is recommended to refer to the full-text articles cited in the references.