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. 2023 Sep 11;13(18):2533. doi: 10.3390/nano13182533

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Normalized Raman spectra of VGNWs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on stainless-steel at different temperature. At temperatures around 750 °C, graphene nanowalls of sizes around 1 μm present the characteristic 2D peak of graphene and an I_D/I_G ratio lower than 1 indicating a lower number of defects [7]. (Reproduced with permission).