Table 3.

Comparison of the mean difference in shoulder pain intensity scores before and after the intervention in the massage, TENS, and control groups

Times	Groups	Mean ± SD	P-value*
1	Massaging TENS Control	1.23 ± 0.99 1.28 ± 1.02 0.06 ± 0.74	< 0.001
2	Massaging TENS Control	1.32 ± 0.79 1.73 ± 0.88 0.13 ± 1.04	< 0.001
3	Massaging TENS Control	1.28 ± 0.95 1.50 ± 1.14 0.08 ± 0.91	< 0.001

*one-way ANOVA