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. 2023 Sep 4;11(9):2231. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092231

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Key randomized controlled trials comparing balanced crystalloids to normal saline in critically ill patients, including patients with sepsis and septic shock. AKI: acute kidney injury. MAKE 30: Major Adverse Kidney Events within 30 days, a composite endpoint of mortality, treatment with kidney replacement therapy, and/or doubling creatinine, PL-148: Plasma-Lyte 148, RRT: renal replacement therapy, TBI: traumatic brain injury.