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. 2023 Sep 6;59(9):1606. doi: 10.3390/medicina59091606

Table 2.

Procedure data.

Variables All Patients (n = 38)
Unruptured VAP (n = 21) Ruptured VAP (n = 17) p-Value
Etiology
  • -

    trauma

  • -

    iatrogenic (e.g., biopsy, PCNL, surgery)

  • -

    medical conditions (e.g., pancreatitis, cancer, abscess)

  • -

    others
16 (42.1%)
9 (23.7%)
12 (31.6%)
1 (2.6%)
8 (38.1%)
6 (28.6%)
6 (28.6%)
1 (4.8%)
8 (47.1%)
3 (17.6%)
6 (35.3%)
0 (0%)

0.660
Site of the pseudoaneurysm
  • -

    splenic artery

  • -

    hepatic artery

  • -

    gastric artery

  • -

    gastroduodenal artery

  • -

    gastroepiploic artery

  • -

    pancreaticoduodenal artery

  • -

    renal artery
13 (34.2%)
7 (18.4%)
1 (2.6%)
4 (10.5%)
3 (7.9%)
4 (10.5%)
6 (15.8%)
7 (33.3%)
4 (19%)
0 (0%)
3 (14.3%)
1 (4.8%)
2 (9.5%)
4 (19%)
6 (35.3%)
3 (17.6%)
1 (5.9%)
1 (5.9%)
2 (11.8%)
2 (11.8%)
2 (11.8%)



0.830
Endovascular treatment timing
  • -

    as soon as possible

  • -

    urgent
14 (36.8%)
24 (63.2%)
14 (66.7%)
7 (33.3%)
0 (0%)
17 (100%)
<0.001
  • -

    Proximal embolization (e.g., proper hepatic artery)

  • -

    Distal embolization (e.g., intrasplenic, intrahepatic)

 18 (47.4%)
20 (52.6%)		 11 (52.4%)
10 (47.6%)		 7 (41.2%)
10 (58.8%)
0.532
EVOH viscosity (centiStokes)
  • -

    12

  • -

    18

  • -

    20

  • -

    34
2 (5.3%)
6 (15.8%)
7 (18.4%)
23 (60.5%)
1 (4.8%)
4 (19%)
2 (9.5%)
14 (66.7%)
1 (5.9%)
2 (11.8%)
5 (29.4%)
9 (52.9%)

0.449
Intraoperative contrast medium (mL) 33.6 (±12) 30.9 (±11.9) 36.9 (±11.6) 0.100
Volume of contrast to creatinine clearance ratio 0.58 (±0.54) 0.45 (±0.29) 0.74 (±0.73) 0.064
Vascular access site
  • -

    Femoral

  • -

    Radial

  • -

    Brachial
34 (89.5%)
2 (5.3%)
2 (5.3%)
18 (85.7%)
1 (4.8%)
2 (9.5%)
16 (94.1%)
1 (5.9%)
0 (0%)
0.424
Sheath diameter
  • -

    4F

  • -

    5F

  • -

    ≥6F
7 (18.4%)
27 (71.1%)
4 (10.5%)
4 (19%)
16 (76.2%)
1 (4.8%)
3 (17.6%)
11 (64.7%)
3 (17.6%)
0.435
CT-to-groin time (min) 143.8 (±179) 199.2 (±225.9) 75.3 (±35.6) 0.150
Procedure time (min) 39.7 (±10.3) 41 (±11.6) 38.1 (±8.5) 0.444
CT-to-embolization time (min) 186.4 (±182.4) 245.9 (±229) 112.8 (±31.5) 0.177
Fluoroscopy time (min) 14.6 (±5.9) 15.1 (±6) 14 (±5.8) 0.744
Cumulative air kerma (mGy) 218 (±68.2) 206.3 (±68.1) 232.3 (±67.6) 0.246
Dose area product (Gy/cm2) 34.7 (±10.1) 33.7 (±10) 35.9 (±10.3) 0.537

Abbreviations: VAP: Visceral Artery Pseudoaneurysm; PCNL: percutaneous nephrolithotomy; EVOH: ethylene-vinyl alcohol; CT: Computed Tomography.