Table 1.
Characteristics of the study samples of community-dwelling Dutch men and women aged 65+ years and the prevalence of undernutrition according to the SNAQ65+ screening.
| UNDERNUTRITION SCREENING SAMPLE (SNAQ65+) |
UNDERNUTRITION DIAGNOSIS SAMPLE (GLIM) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LASA | DNFCS | LASA and DNFCS Combined | LASA SUBGROUP | |||||
| n | (N = 1138) | n | (N = 607) | n | (N = 1745) | n | (N = 700) | |
| Sex female, n(%) | 1138 | 586 (51.5) | 607 | 296 (48.8) | 1745 | 882 (50.5) | 700 | 339 (48.4) |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 1138 | 75.4 ± 6.9 | 607 | 70.7 ± 3.9 | 1745 | 73.7 ± 6.4 | 700 | 74.9 ± 6.6 |
| Age group, n(%) | 1138 | 607 | 1745 | 700 | ||||
| 65–69 years | 303 (26.6) | 276 (45.5) | 579 (33.2) | 202 (28.9) | ||||
| 70–74 years | 303 (26.6) | 213 (35.1) | 516 (29.6) | 193 (27.6) | ||||
| 75–79 years | 240 (22.1) | 118 (19.4) | 358 (20.5) | 144 (20.6) | ||||
| 80–84 years | 173 (15.2) | NA | 173 (9.9) | 96 (13.7) | ||||
| ≥85 years | 119 (10.5) | NA | 119 (6.8) | 65 (9.3) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ±SD | 1131 | 27.1 ± 4.7 | 607 | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 1738 | 27.0 ± 4.8 | 700 | 26.7 ± 7 |
| BMI, n (%) | 1131 | 607 | 1738 | 700 | ||||
| Underweight | 94 (8.3) | 42 (6.9) | 136 (7.8) | 56 (8.0) | ||||
| Normal and overweight | 796 (70.4) | 443 (73.0) | 1239 (71.3) | 510 (72.9) | ||||
| Obese | 241 (21.3) | 122 (20.1) | 363 (20.9) | 134 (19.1) | ||||
| Region of The Netherlands, n (%) | 1138 | 607 | 1745 | 700 | ||||
| West | 509 (44.7) | 282 (46.5) | 791 (45.3) | 329 (47.0) | ||||
| Northeast | 376 (33.0) | 174 (28.7) | 550 (31.5) | 213 (30.4) | ||||
| South | 253 (22.2) | 151 (24.9) | 404 (23.2) | 158 (22.6) | ||||
| Education level, n (%) | 1138 | 601 | 1739 | 700 | ||||
| Low | 139 (12.2) | 27 (4.5) | 166 (9.5) | 75 (10.7) | ||||
| Medium | 387 (34.0) | 197 (32.8) | 584 (33.6) | 223 (31.9) | ||||
| High | 612 (53.8) | 377 (62.7) | 989 (56.9) | 402 (57.4) | ||||
| Living situation, n (%) | 1125 | 607 | 1732 | 695 | ||||
| Alone | 358 (31.8) | 166 (27.3) | 524 (30.3) | 213 (30.6) | ||||
| With others | 767 (68.2) | 441 (72.7) | 1208 (69.7) | 482 (69.4) | ||||
| Receiving formal home care, n (%) | 1138 | 700 | ||||||
| Yes | 165 (14.5) | NA | NA | 81 (11.6) | ||||
| No | 973 (85.5) | 619 (88.4) | ||||||
| Self-rated health, n (%) | 1138 | 700 | ||||||
| Good | 743 (65.3) | NA | NA | 478 (68.3) | ||||
| Poor | 395 (34.7) | 222 (31.7) | ||||||
| Individual SNAQ | ||||||||
| ≥4 kg involuntary weight loss, n (%) | 1138 | 64 (5.6) | 607 | 25 (4.1) | 1745 | 89 (5.1) | 700 | 30 (4.3) |
| MUAC < 25 cm, n (%) * | 1138 | 33 (2.9) | 607 | 34 (5.6) | 1745 | 67 (3.8) | 700 | 11 (1.6) |
| Appetite last week, n (%) | 1138 | 607 | 1745 | 700 | ||||
| Good | 1009 (88.7) | 589 (97.0) | 1598 (91.6) | 652 (93.1) | ||||
| Poor | 129 (11.3) | 18 (3.0) | 147 (8.4) | 48 (6.9) | ||||
| Mobility limitations, n (%) | 1137 | 607 | 1744 | 700 | ||||
| No | 703 (61.8) | 582 (95.9) | 1285 (73.7) | 469 (67.0) | ||||
| Yes | 434 (38.2) | 25 (4.1) | 459 (26.3) | 231 (33.0) | ||||
| Screening result SNAQ65+ | ||||||||
| Undernutrition, n (%) | 1138 | 92 (8.1) | 607 | 57 (9.4) | 1745 | 149 (8.5) | 700 | 38 (5.4) |
| At-risk, n (%) | 1138 | 72 (6.3) | 607 | 1 (0.2) | 1745 | 73 (4.2) | 700 | 24 (3.4) |
| None, n (%) | 1138 | 974 (85.6) | 607 | 549 (90.4) | 1745 | 1523 (87.3) | 700 | 638 (91.1) |
LASA = Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam; DNFCS = The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey; SNAQ65+ = Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire 65+; GLIM = Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition; MUAC = mid-upper arm circumference; SD = standard deviation; BMI = Body Mass Index; NA = not available. * with BMI imputation, when MUAC was missing. The N indicates the sample size of the total groups, the n the number of people for which a variable was available.