Table 4.

Summary of driving forces for the deposition and transformation of nanoparticles.

Technique	Driving Force	Reference
Deposition by electron gun evaporation	Electric Fields, Thermal Effects	[25,30]
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)	Surface Interaction Forces, Thermal Effects	[31,32,33]
Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)	Chemical Affinity, Electric Fields	[34,35]
Simultaneous and consecutive electrochemical deposition	Electrochemical Deposition, Kinetic Factors	[46]
Electrophoretic Deposition	Electric Fields, Surface Interaction Forces	[40]
Laser Metal Deposition	Thermal Effects, Kinetic Factors	[48]
Electrochemical Deposition	Electrochemical Deposition, Kinetic Factors	[46]
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)	Chemical Affinity, Electric Fields	[51,52,53]
Thermophoretic deposition	Thermal Effects, Fluid Dynamics	[94,95,96,97]
Supercritical deposition	Fluid Dynamics, Thermal Effects	[98]
Spin Coating	Fluid Dynamics, Kinetic Factors	[99,100,101,102]
Dip Coating	Fluid Dynamics, Kinetic Factors	[103,104,105,106]