Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups.
| Variables | All (n = 86) |
Combination (n = 35) |
Remdesivir Alone (n = 51) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 70.5 (55–79) | 66 (46–78) | 74 (63–80) | 0.12 |
| Female sex (n, %) | 35 (40.7) | 14 (40.0) | 21 (41.2) | 0.91 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 20.6 (18.9–22.9) | 20 (18.1–22.7) | 21.5 (19.3–23.0) | 0.21 |
| Body temperature, median (IQR), n = 82 | 38.2 (37.6–38.7) | 38.0 (37.3–38.9) | 38.4 (37.7–38.6) | 0.34 |
| Ct value on admission | 19.8 ± 4.5 | 19.5 ± 4.6 | 20.8 ± 5.0 | 0.23 |
| Underlying disease: | ||||
| -Cardiovascular disease | 6 (7.0) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (9.8) | 0.21 |
| -Asthma | 3 (3.5) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.9) | 0.79 |
| -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (5.8) | 3 (8.6) | 2 (3.9) | 0.36 |
| -Diabetes mellitus | 14 (16.3) | 2 (5.7) | 12 (23.5) | 0.02 |
| -Hypertension | 28 (32.6) | 9 (25.7) | 19 (37.2) | 0.26 |
| -Hyperlipidemia | 8 (9.3) | 1 (2.8) | 7 (13.7) | 0.08 |
| -Chronic kidney disease | 14 (16.3) | 6 (17.1) | 8 (15.7) | 0.85 |
| -Hemodialysis | 2 (2.3) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (2.0) | 0.78 |
| Laboratory data, median (IQR): | ||||
| -White blood cells (μL) | 6200 (4100–8400) | 4900 (3850–7900) | 6700 (4450–9050) | 0.19 |
| -Neutro | 4825 (3093–6580) | 4081 (3093–6509) | 5040 (3137–6935) | 0.27 |
| -Lympho | 867 (483–1258) | 597 (418–928) | 941 (690–1324) | 0.09 |
| -CRP | 2.4 (0.8–5.3) | 1.5 (0.5–3.5) | 3.3 (1.1–6.9) | 0.06 |
| -T-Bil | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.71 |
| -AST | 24 (20–43) | 21 (17–29) | 29 (21–49) | 0.11 |
| -ALT | 19 (12–35) | 15 (12–22) | 22 (14–38) | 0.18 |
| -LDH | 217 (188–285) | 206 (184–269) | 222 (200–324) | 0.56 |
| -Creatinine | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.97 |
| -Albumin | 3.4 (2.8–3.9) | 3.7 (3.1–4.0) | 3.2 (2.7–3.7) | 0.03 |
| -D-dimer | 1.5 (1.0–3.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.6) | 2.5 (1.2–4.8) | 0.11 |
| Autoimmune disease | 17 (19.8) | 6 (17.1) | 11 (21.5) | 0.61 |
| Immune suppressor: | 38 (44.1) | 21 (60) | 17 (26.1) | 0.01 |
| -Steroids | 29 (33.7) | 16 (45.7) | 13 (25.5) | 0.05 |
| -Ciclosporin | 7 (8.1) | 5 (14.3) | 2 (3.9) | 0.08 |
| -Azathioprine | 2 (2.3) | 2 (5.7) | 0 | 0.08 |
| -Methotrexate | 4 (4.6) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (3.9) | 0.69 |
| -Mycophenolate mofetil | 9 (10.5) | 6 (17.1) | 3 (5.9) | 0.09 |
| -Iguratimod | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.8) | 0 | 0.22 |
| -Belimumab | 2 (2.3) | 2 (5.7) | 0 | 0.08 |
| -Pomalidomide | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.8) | 0 | 0.22 |
| -Salazosulfapyridine | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.8) | 0 | 0.22 |
| -Tacrolimus hydrate | 5 (5.8) | 2 (5.7) | 3 (5.9) | 0.97 |
| -Mesalazine | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 0.40 |
| -Everolimus | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 0.40 |
| -During chemotherapy | 8 (9.3) | 5 (14.3) | 3 (5.9) | 0.18 |
| Kidney transplantation | 9 (10.5) | 6 (17.1) | 3 (5.9) | 0.09 |
| Blood cancer | 19 (22.1) | 13 (37.1) | 6 (11.7) | <0.01 |
| Solid tumor | 38 (44.2) | 9 (25.7) | 29 (56.8) | <0.01 |
| -Stage IV | 22 (25.6) | 6 (17.1) | 16 (31.4) | 0.13 |
| Vaccination for COVID-19: | ||||
| -Non-vaccinated | 17 (19.7) | 4 (11.4) | 13 (25.4) | 0.10 |
| -One time | 2 (2.3) | 2 (5.7) | 0 | 0.08 |
| -Two times | 15 (17.4) | 9 (25.7) | 6 (11.7) | 0.09 |
| -More than three times | 46 (53.4) | 19 (54.2) | 27 (52.9) | 0.90 |
| -Unknown | 6 (6.9) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (9.8) | 0.21 |
| Days from onset to start of treatment, median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0–2.0) | 0.79 |
| Duration of remdesivir administration: | ||||
| -3 days | 53 (61.6) | 18 (51.4) | 35 (68.6) | 0.10 |
| -5 days | 25 (29.1) | 14 (40) | 11 (21.5) | 0.06 |
| -10 days | 8 (9.3) | 3 (8.6) | 5 (9.8) | 0.84 |
ALT, Alanine transaminase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; Ct, threshold cycle; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; T-bil, total bilirubin.