Table 3.
Demographics and Outcomes Associated With Modified Frailty Indices.
| mFI-5 | mFI-11 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | NF | PF | F | P-value | NF | PF | F | P-value |
| Age (years) | 68.6 (7.4) | 69.6 (8.9) | 69.7 (7.9) | .76 | 68.1 (7.5) | 69.4 (8.8) | 70.7 (6.6) | .40 |
| Gender (% female; n) | 77.8% (28) | 65.8% (50) | 63.8% (67) | .30 | 78.8% (26) | 67.4% (95) | 58.5% (24) | .18 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.6 (4.6) | 27.0 (4.6) | 30.0 (6.6) ^‡ | <.001* | 25.8 (4.8) | 28 (5.4) | 30.9 (7.1) ^‡ | .001* |
| Index surgery Revision surgery |
97.2% (35) 2.6% (1) |
72.4% (55) 27.6% (21) |
72.4% (76) 27.6% (29) |
.006* | 97.0% (32) 3.0% (1) |
75.9% (107) 24.1% (34) |
63.4% (26) 36.6% (15) |
.003* |
| Pelvic fixation (%) | 97.2% (35) | 96.1% (73) | 87.6% (92) | .053 | 97.0% (32) | 92.9% (131) | 87.8% (36) | .32 |
| Levels of fusion | 9.1 (2.6) | 9.0 (2.6) | 9.5 (2.8) | .55 | 9.1 (2.7) | 9.2 (2.7) | 9.5 (2.9) | .78 |
| Cobb angle (°) | 29.0 (10.0) | 27.8 (13.0) | 23.1 (13.8) ^‡ | .014* | 29.4 (10.4) | 26.2 (13.5) | 21.7 (13.3) ^ | .039* |
| SVA (cm) | 5.1 (4.4) | 5.3 (4.1) | 7.0 (5.0) ^‡ | .033* | 4.5 (3.9) | 6.0 (4.7) | 7.8 (4.7) ^‡ | .017* |
| Cobb LL (°) | 40.8 (18.7) | 37.1 (16.3) | 36.3 (18.6) | .43 | 41.6 (18.7) | 37.1 (17.1) | 34.5 (19.8) | .24 |
| SS (°) | 29.0 (10.5) | 28.8 (11.2) | 29.8 (10.6) | .82 | 29.4 (10.9) | 29.3 (10.7) | 28.7 (11.0) | .94 |
| PT (°) | 22.5 (9.4) | 24.0 (8.3) | 24.5 (10.6) | .59 | 23.3 (9.5) | 23.7 (9.6) | 25.8 (10.0) | .43 |
| PI (°) | 48.3 (14.7) | 50.2 (12.5) | 51.3 (12.5) | .51 | 49.4 (14.9) | 50.0 (12.1) | 52.2 (14.0) | .59 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Current Former Never |
2.8% (1) 30.6% (11) 66.7% (24) |
1.3% (1) 31.6% (24) 67.1% (51) |
3.8% (4) 48.6% (51) 47.6% (50) |
.12 | 3.0% (1) 30.3% (10) 66.7% (22) |
.7% (1) 39.0% (55) 60.3% (85) |
9.8% (4) 51.2% (21) 39.0% (16) |
.020* |
| Alcohol use (% current) | 58.3% (21) | 50.0% (38) | 39.4% (41) | .11 | 57.6% (19) | 45.7% (64) | 41.5% (17) | .35 |
| ASA score | 2.4 (.5) | 2.6 (.6) | 2.8 (.5) ^‡ | .001* | 2.4 (.5) | 2.6 (.6) | 3.0 (.4) ^‡ | <.001* |
| Anesthesia duration (min) | 283 (51) | 287 (69) | 301 (82) | .29 | 282 (53) | 292 (73) | 304 (87) | .42 |
| EBL (mL) | 1350 (720) | 1630 (990) | 1700 (1080) | .19 | 1350 (730) | 1670 (1090) | 1660 (880) | .261 |
| Intraoperative RBC transfusion (mL) | 805 (760) | 1060 (960) | 1190 (1230) | .17 | 823 (777) | 1139 (1196) | 1125 (800) | .31 |
| Intraoperative total transfusion (mL) | 1084 (1109) | 1397 (1409) | 1637 (1908) | .20 | 1093 (196) | 1535 (1832) | 1555 (1229) | .36 |
| Intraoperative albumin (mL) | 1200 (620) | 1030 (660) | 1090 (610) | .42 | 1205 (641) | 1049 (625) | 1152 (627) | .36 |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.3 (1.1) | 13.2 (1.6) | 13.9 (1.7) | .39 | 13.2 (1.1) | 13.0 (1.7) | 13.3 (1.7) | .66 |
| ICU LOS (hrs) | 36.7 (26.3) | 37.0 (20.1) | 47.1 (54.2) | .21 | 36.0 (26.9) | 38.0 (23.6) | 61.1 (79.1) ^‡ | .006* |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 5.5 (1.7) | 6.1 (2.6) | 6.7 (4.1) | .18 | 5.4 (1.5) | 6.1 (2.7) | 7.3 (5.3) ^‡ | .042 |
| POD walking (days) | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.1 (1.9) | 2.3 (2.7) | .59 | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.8) | 2.3 (3.6) | .64 |
| Postoperative RBC transfusions (mL) | 574 (500) | 590 (571) | 638 (762) | .84 | 485 (285) | 626 (684) | 669 (749) | .46 |
| Postoperative total transfusion volume (mL) | 731 (674) | 716 (761) | 795 (1070) | .83 | 627 (567) | 770 (921) | 831 (1107) | .62 |
| Postoperative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.6 (1.4) | 10.1 (1.6) | 9.9 (1.6) | .22 | 9.6 (1.5) | 10.0 (1.7) | 10.0 (1.4) | .40 |
| Hemoglobin drop (%) | 12.6% (1.2) | 12.5% (1.7) | 12.2% (1.8) | .38 | 12.5% (1.1) | 12.3% (1.7) | 12.5% (1.8) | .61 |
| Discharge disposition (% home) | 36.1% (13) | 40.0% (30) | 30.5% (32) | .50 | 39.4% (13) | 35.0% (49) | 31.7% (13) | .78 |
| 7-day readmission | 0% | 2.6% (2) | 2.9% (3) | .60 | 0% | 2.1% (3) | 4.9% (2) | .37 |
| 30-day readmission | 5.6% (2) | 7.9% (6) | 9.5% (10) | .75 | 6.1% (2) | 7.8% (11) | 12.2% (5) | .59 |
| 90-day readmission | 8.3% (3) | 14.5% (11) | 20.0% (21) | .23 | 9.1% (3) | 15.6% (22) | 24.4% (10) | .19 |
| Revision surgery (%) | 27.8% (10) | 36.8% (28) | 32.4% (34) | .62 | 30.3% (10) | 34.8% (49) | 31.7% (13) | .86 |
| ODI change | −7.9 (16.3) | −8.8 (18.1) | −12.9 (16.3) | .22 | −8.5 (14.6) | −10.9 (17.0) | −10.8 (19.3) | .78 |
P value represents overall effect of analysis of variance (ANOVA); (*= P < .05. Post hoc least significant difference results represented by: ^ Significantly different compared to not frail (NF) group; ‡ significantly different compared to partially frail (PF) group (P < .05). Abbreviations: Modified Frailty Index (mFI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), Cobb lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), and length of stay (LOS).