Table 1.
Demographics, treatment, and outcomes of the 52 included patients.
| Variable | Mean ± SD | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (yr) | 28.5 ± 13.4 | — |
| Sex (% male) | — | 25 (48.1) |
| History of TB prior to presentation | — | 7 (13.5) |
| Symptoms | ||
| Duration of symptoms (mo) | 4.0 ± 2.3 | — |
| Pain | — | 52 (100) |
| Pain with rotation | — | 15 (28.8) |
| Torticollis | — | 15 (28.8) |
| CN XII dysfunction | — | 2 (3.8) |
| Dysphagia | — | 4 (7.7) |
| Respiratory distress | — | 3 (5.8) |
| Myelopathy | — | 19 (36.5) |
| Preoperative Frankel Score | ||
| E | — | 33 (63.5) |
| D | — | 7 (13.5) |
| C | — | 8 (15.3) |
| B | — | 4 (7.7) |
| A | — | 0 (0) |
| Bladder sphincter dysfunction | — | 8 (15.4) |
| Bowel sphincter dysfunction | — | 3 (5.8) |
| Duration of neuro deficits (mo, n = 19) | — | 0.8 ± 0.8 |
| Radiographic data | ||
| Lifeso Stage | ||
| 1 | — | 18 (34.6) |
| 2 | — | 15 (28.8) |
| 3 | — | 19 (36.5) |
| Abscess | — | 47 (90.3) |
| Retropharyngeal | — | 0 (0) |
| Prevertebral | — | 47 (90.3) |
| Paravertebral | — | 10 (19.2) |
| Preclival | — | 39 (75) |
| Periodontoid/predental | — | 36 (69.2) |
| Posterior CVJ | — | 10 (19.2) |
| Epidural space | — | 13 (25) |
| Posterior triangle of neck | — | 12 (23.1) |
| Spinal cord signal change | — | 12 (23.1) |
| Bone involvement | 780 sites | |
| # Of articular surfaces involved (n = 416) | — | 262 (62.9) |
| # Of nonarticular surfaces involved (n = 364) | — | 58 (15.9) |
| Instability | ||
| ADI (mm) | 5.7±4.0 | — |
| Anterior dislocation | — | 34 (65.4) |
| Rotatory dislocation | — | 15 (28.8) |
| Vertical dislocation | — | 10 (19.2) |
Key: CVJ—craniovertebral junction; hr—hour; IOBL—intraoperative blood loss; mL—milliliter; mm—millimeter; mo—month; SD—standard deviation; yr—year; §Patient who died during perioperative period had preoperative neurological deficit and preoperative torticollis.