Table 2.
Without HIV | With HIV | Full Cohort | Efavirenz | Dolutegravir | Post-conception ART | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy | Pregnancy | |||||||
n=198 | n=199 | N=397 | n=36 | n=74 | N=110* | |||
Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI)1 | Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI)1 | |||||
Plasma Glucose, mmol/l | ||||||||
Fasting | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.3 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.6) | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.1) | ||
1-hour | 5.9 (1.4) | 5.9 (1.4) | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.2) | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.3) | −0.4 (−0.9, 0.1) | ||
2-hours | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.2) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.2) | 5.6 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.0) | −0.5 (−1.0, −0.1) | ||
N (%) | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | N (%) | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
Gestational Diabetes | ||||||||
No | 191 (97.0) | 181 (91.0) | 1.00 | 34 (94.4) | 68 (91.9) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 6 (3.0) | 18 (9.0) | 3.9 (1.4, 10.7) | 2 (5.6) | 6 (8.1) | 1.1 (0.2, 6.6)2 | ||
Postpartum | Postpartum | |||||||
n=142 | n=150 | N=292 | n=22 | n=60 | N=82 | |||
Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI)1 | Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI)1 | |||||
Plasma Glucose, mmol/l | ||||||||
Fasting | 4.7 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.5) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.2) | 4.7 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.5) | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.2) | ||
1-hour | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.7) | −0.4 (−0.8, 0.0) | 5.6 (1.7) | 5.6 (1.6) | 0.0 (−0.9, 0.9) | ||
2-hours | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.2) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.1) | 5.3 (0.9) | 5.3 (1.1) | 0.1 (−0.4, 0.7) | ||
HOMA-IR | 2.9 (2.2) | 2.5 (2.1) | 0.0 (−0.6, 0.4) | 2.5 (2.4) | 2.4 (1.8) | −0.2 (−1.2, 0.8) | ||
Matsuda Index | 6.5 (4.6) | 8.0 (6.1) | 0.9 (−0.5, 2.3) | 8.4 (5.4) | 8.1 (6.8) | −1.2 (−4.7, 2.3) | ||
N (%) | Risk Ratio (95% CI)1 | N (%) | Risk Ratio (95% CI)1 | |||||
Glucose Metabolism | ||||||||
Normal | 124 (93.2) | 137 (95.8) | 1.00 | 21(100.0) | 56 (96.6) | 1.00 | ||
Any glucose metabolism impairment (combined) | 9 (6.8) | 6 (4.2) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.5) | --3 | ||
Impaired fasting glucose | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.4) | -- | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | -- | ||
Impaired glucose tolerance | 6 (4.5) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Adjusted for: pre-pregnancy BMI, food insecurity status, family history of diabetes, tuberculosis status, physical activity frequency, parity, socioeconomic status.
Adjusted for: pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, physical activity frequency, parity, socioeconomic status due to model convergence issues.
Cannot be estimated. Missing data: Pregnancy fasting glucose n=2, 1-hour glucose n=3, 2-hour glucose n=2; Postpartum: fasting glucose n=17, 1-hour glucose n=19, 2-hour glucose n=18, HOMA-IR n=17, Matsuda index n=22.