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. 2023 Sep 28;18(9):e0291242. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291242

Fig 4. Climbing assay and histological analysis of the brain at higher doses of essential oils.

Fig 4

On day 5 of treatment, only flies exposed to copaiba essential oil had reduced climbing ability, while on day 10, only flies exposed to ginger essential oil had this impairment. However, by day 15 of treatment, flies from all groups had reduced climbing ability compared to the control group. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA test (n = 30, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001), with graphics demonstrating mean ± standard error of the mean. Figures D to G illustrate the histological section of the brain of flies from each group (D: control, E: copaiba EO, F: ginger EO, and G: lavender EO). The presence of vacuoles can be seen in each experimental group, particularly in those treated with lavender essential oil. Pictures were taken at 100X magnification. This test was performed on three independent triplicates.