Table 2.
Characteristics of animal studies
| Country | Intervention Group | Control Group | Form of Blueberry | Blueberry dosage | Mode of Administration | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | Diet AIN93 + LWB powder | AIN-93 | Powder | 8% w/w LWB | Blueberry supplemented diet | [26] |
| USA | Diet AIN93 + LWB powder | AIN-93 | Powder | 8% w/w LWB | Blueberry supplemented diet | [64] |
| USA | ○ LFD (10% fat) ○ HFD (60% fat) ○ Blackberry (BB) ○ Black currant (BC) ○ Black raspberry (BR) ○ Blueberry (BL) ○ Concord grape (CG) ○ Maqui berry (MB) |
LFD and HFD | Powder | 400 mg/g Total anthocyanins | Blueberry supplemented diet | [28] |
| USA | ○ Blue berry powder + LFD (10% fat) ○ Blueberry powder + HFD (45% fat) |
LFD and HFD | Powder | 10 g Freeze-dried blueberry powder/100 g. The blueberry powder was a Tifblue/Rubel 50/50 blend with 38.39 mg phenolics/g and 21.34 mg anthocyanins/g. Selection of 10% blueberry concentration was based on previously published studies | Blueberry supplemented diet | [16] |
| China | Blueberry polyphenol extract + HFD | HFD | Extract | 200 mg/kg | Blueberry in drinking water | [20] |
| China | ○ Study 1: Blueberry extract + HFD ○ Study 2: Blueberry extract + Control diet ○ Study 3: Blueberry extract + HFD and Blueberry extract + HFD + antibiotic |
Study 1: Control diet and HFD Study 2: Control diet Study 3: Control diet, HFD, HFD + antibiotic |
Extract | 5 gL-1 BE in drinking water (219.24mg of anthocyanin/g BE) | Blueberry in drinking water | [19] |
| Canada | ○ WBE + HFHS ○ Anthocyanins and phenolic of WBE + HFHS ○ PACs oligomers, phenolic acids and flavonols of WBE + HFHS ○ PACs polymers of WBE + HFHS |
CHOW and HFHS (65% fat) | Extract and fraction | WBE: 200 mg/kg – 17 mg polyphenols/day (1.68 mg/kg of anthocyanin) Anthocyanins and phenolic acids: 32 mg/kg PACs oligomers, phenolic acids and flavonols: 53 mg/kg PACs polymers: 37 mg/kg |
Oral gavage | [30] |
| China | ○ Fermented blueberry pomace (FBP) + Control diet ○ Fermented blueberry pomace (FBP) + HFD |
Control diet and HFD | Pomace | 4% or 8% (w/w) FBP-supplementation | Oral gavage | [21] |
| Canada | Blueberry powder (BB) + HFHS Blueberry anthocyanin-rich fraction (ANT) + HFHS Proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PAC) + HFHS |
HFHS | Powder | 4% (w/w) | Blueberry supplemented diet | [29] |
| Canada | Blueberry powder or blueberry fibrous residue + HFHS | HFHS | Powder and fibrous residue | 200 mg/kg BW (1.94 mg/kg BW of anthocyanin) | Blueberry supplemented diet | [31] |
| China | Blueberry polyphenol extract + Standard diet | Standard diet | Extract | 200 mg/kg | Blueberry supplemented diet | [24] |
| China | Blueberry anthocyanin-rich extract + HFD | HFD | Extract | 100 and 200 mg/kg | Blueberry supplemented diet | [23] |
| Ukraine | Blueberry juice + Control group | Standard vivarium diet | Juice | 0.5mL/day | Oral gavage | [32] |
| China | Blueberry extract + HFD | HFD | Extract | 1% or 2% blueberry extract | Blueberry supplemented diet | [22] |
| China | ○ Blueberry (BLUB) ○ Black berry (BLAB) ○ Black goji berry (BGJB) Mulberry (MULB) ○ Red Chinese bayberry (RCBB) ○ Raspberry (RASB) ○ Red goji berry (RGJB) Strawberry (STRB) ○ White Chinese bayberry (WCBB) |
Distilled water | Extract | 50 mg/kg-1 | Oral gavage | [25] |
| Sweden | ○ Lingonberry + HFD ○ Bilberry + HFD ○ Cloudberry + HFD ○ Blackcurrant + HFD ○ Sea buckthorn + HFD ○ Blueberry + HFD |
LFD and HFD | Fine powder | 6% (w/w) on a dry weight basis | Rodent diet pellets | [33] |
BE: blueberry extract; BW: body weight; CHOW: standard chow diet; HFD: high fat diet; HFHS: high-fat high-sucrose diet; LFD: low fat diet; LWB: lowbush wild blueberry; PACs: oligomeric proanthocyanidins; WBE: blueberry extract.