Table 2. Characteristics of adults with overweight and obesity in England with a WM referral recorded in CPRD GOLD, by BMI group (all years 2007–2020).
| BMI (kg/m2) group at diagnosis with overweight/obesity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23.0–24.9 (B&A only) |
25.0–29.9 | 30.0–34.9 | 35.0–40.0 | 40.0 + | Medical codesb | All | |
| n (% a ) | n (% a ) | n (% a ) | n (% a ) | n (% a ) | n (% a ) | n (% c ) | |
| Total | 209 (0.37) | 15,349 (27.03) | 18,068 (31.82) | 10,341 (18.21) | 8,685 (15.30) | 4,131 (7.28) | 56,783 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 74 (0.38) | 6,054 (31.00) | 6,618 (33.89) | 3,121 (15.98) | 2,310 (11.83) | 1,353 (6.93) | 19,530 (34.39) |
| Female | 135 (0.36) | 9,294 (24.95) | 11,449 (30.73) | 7,220 (19.38) | 6,375 (17.11) | 2,778 (7.46) | 37,251 (65.60) |
| Indeterminate/Unknown | 0 (0.00) | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.00) |
| Age group at WM referral | |||||||
| 18–24 | 1 (0.06) | 279 (16.84) | 491 (29.63) | 372 (22.45) | 369 (22.27) | 145 (8.75) | 1,657 (2.92) |
| 25–34 | 12 (0.27) | 675 (15.36) | 1,159 (26.37) | 1,080 (24.57) | 1,160 (26.39) | 309 (7.03) | 4,395 (7.74) |
| 35–44 | 56 (0.58) | 2,269 (23.39) | 2,853 (29.41) | 1,861 (19.18) | 1,885 (19.43) | 778 (8.02) | 9,702 (17.09) |
| 45–54 | 83 (0.52) | 4,279 (26.98) | 4,999 (31.52) | 2,830 (17.84) | 2,475 (15.61) | 1,193 (7.52) | 15,859 (27.93) |
| 55–64 | 42 (0.30) | 4,171 (29.43) | 4,674 (32.98) | 2,468 (17.41) | 1,834 (12.94) | 984 (6.94) | 14,173 (24.96) |
| 65–74 | 15 (0.16) | 3,238 (34.51) | 3,235 (34.47) | 1,469 (15.65) | 841 (8.96) | 586 (6.24) | 9,384 (16.53) |
| 75+ | 0 (0.00) | 438 (27.15) | 657 (40.73) | 261 (16.18) | 121 (7.50) | 136 (8.43) | 1,613 (2.84) |
| Ethnic group | |||||||
| White | 0 (0.00) | 12,081 (26.91) | 14,245 (31.73) | 8,273 (18.43) | 6,985 (15.56) | 3,307 (7.37) | 44,891 (79.06) |
| Asian | 125 (6.70) | 605 (32.40) | 642 (34.39) | 264 (14.14) | 150 (8.03) | 81 (4.34) | 1,867 (3.29) |
| Black | 57 (3.54) | 343 (21.32) | 563 (34.99) | 318 (19.76) | 265 (16.47) | 63 (3.92) | 1,609 (2.83) |
| Mixed | 27 (6.80) | 117 (29.47) | 123 (30.98) | 54 (13.60) | 61 (15.37) | 15 (3.78) | 397 (0.70) |
| Other | 0 (0.00) | 197 (31.02) | 213 (33.54) | 89 (14.02) | 74 (11.65) | 62 (9.76) | 635 (1.12) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.00) | 2,006 (27.17) | 2,282 (30.90) | 1,343 (18.19) | 1,150 (15.57) | 603 (8.17) | 7,384 (13.00) |
| IMD | |||||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 18 (0.24) | 2,467 (32.40) | 2,618 (34.38) | 1,261 (16.56) | 860 (11.29) | 390 (5.12) | 7,614 (13.41) |
| 2 | 31 (0.35) | 2,751 (30.85) | 2,891 (32.42) | 1,426 (15.99) | 1,057 (11.85) | 761 (8.53) | 8,917 (15.70) |
| 3 | 24 (0.32) | 2,081 (27.43) | 2,381 (31.38) | 1,381 (18.20) | 1,112 (14.66) | 608 (8.01) | 7,587 (13.36) |
| 4 | 27 (0.33) | 1,841 (22.61) | 2,645 (32.49) | 1,615 (19.84) | 1,487 (18.26) | 527 (6.47) | 8,142 (14.34) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 32 (0.36) | 1,657 (18.63) | 2,666 (29.97) | 1,975 (22.20) | 1,946 (21.88) | 620 (6.97) | 8,896 (15.67) |
| Missing | 77 (0.49) | 4,552 (29.13) | 4,867 (31.14) | 2,683 (17.17) | 2,223 (14.23) | 1,225 (7.84) | 15,627 (27.52) |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Current smoker | 21 (0.18) | 3,238 (27.78) | 3,376 (28.96) | 2,019 (17.32) | 1,759 (15.09) | 1,243 (10.66) | 11,656 (20.53) |
| Ex-smoker | 27 (0.18) | 3,909 (26.54) | 4,995 (33.92) | 2,815 (19.11) | 2,129 (14.46) | 852 (5.79) | 14,727 (25.94) |
| Never/nonsmoker | 159 (0.56) | 8,004 (28.20) | 9,165 (32.29) | 5,093 (17.94) | 4,338 (15.28) | 1,626 (5.73) | 28,385 (49.99) |
| Missing | 2 (0.10) | 198 (9.83) | 532 (26.40) | 414 (20.55) | 459 (22.78) | 410 (20.35) | 2,015 (3.55) |
| Presence of comorbidities | |||||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 12 (0.13) | 959 (10.50) | 2,537 (27.78) | 2,308 (25.27) | 2,757 (30.19) | 560 (6.13) | 9,133 (16.08) |
| Hypertension | 17 (0.13) | 2,128 (16.11) | 4,162 (31.51) | 3,035 (22.98) | 3,009 (22.78) | 857 (6.49) | 13,208 (23.26) |
| Coronary heart disease | 4 (0.09) | 858 (18.96) | 1,508 (33.33) | 1,004 (22.19) | 840 (18.56) | 311 (6.87) | 4,525 (7.97) |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 0 (0.00) | 195 (8.26) | 476 (20.17) | 517 (21.91) | 958 (40.59) | 214 (9.07) | 2,360 (4.16) |
| Asthma | 23 (0.23) | 2,073 (20.55) | 3,000 (29.74) | 2,133 (21.14) | 2,143 (21.24) | 716 (7.10) | 10,088 (17.77) |
| Chronic musculoskeletal condition | 19 (0.14) | 2,904 (21.19) | 4,428 (32.30) | 2,871 (20.95) | 2,546 (18.57) | 939 (6.85) | 13,707 (24.14) |
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 57 (0.32) | 4,582 (25.54) | 5,800 (32.33) | 3,454 (19.26) | 2,788 (15.54) | 1,257 (7.01) | 17,938 (31.59) |
| Liver disease | 1 (0.07) | 209 (15.48) | 375 (27.78) | 300 (22.22) | 347 (25.70) | 118 (8.74) | 1,350 (2.38) |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome | 5 (0.30) | 181 (10.95) | 382 (23.11) | 400 (24.20) | 545 (32.97) | 140 (8.47) | 1,653 (2.91) |
| Fertility problems | 11 (0.59) | 421 (22.66) | 557 (29.98) | 370 (19.91) | 359 (19.32) | 140 (7.53) | 1,858 (3.27) |
| Depression | 36 (0.18) | 4,517 (22.60) | 5,971 (29.87) | 3,995 (19.98) | 3,980 (19.91) | 1,492 (7.46) | 19,991 (35.21) |
| Anxiety | 32 (0.23) | 3,248 (23.76) | 4,208 (30.78) | 2,658 (19.44) | 2,471 (18.07) | 1,054 (7.71) | 13,671 (24.08) |
| Idiopathic intracranial hypertension | 0 (0.00) | 11 (7.38) | 28 (18.79) | 34 (22.82) | 63 (42.28) | 13 (8.72) | 149 (0.26) |
| Strategic Health Authority of GP practice | |||||||
| North East | 1 (0.07) | 258 (18.42) | 455 (32.48) | 312 (22.27) | 293 (20.91) | 82 (5.85) | 1,401 (2.47) |
| North West | 11 (0.14) | 1,640 (20.23) | 2,389 (29.46) | 1,751 (21.60) | 1,688 (20.82) | 629 (7.76) | 8,108 (14.28) |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 0 (0.00) | 191 (25.10) | 208 (27.33) | 159 (20.89) | 167 (21.94) | 36 (4.73) | 761 (1.34) |
| East Midlands | 1 (0.05) | 215 (11.70) | 665 (36.20) | 481 (26.18) | 357 (19.43) | 118 (6.42) | 1,837 (3.24) |
| West Midlands | 54 (0.41) | 3,901 (29.47) | 4,205 (31.77) | 2,046 (15.46) | 1,504 (11.36) | 1,525 (11.52) | 13,235 (23.31) |
| East of England | 1 (0.05) | 318 (17.10) | 603 (32.42) | 417 (22.42) | 408 (21.94) | 113 (6.08) | 1,860 (3.28) |
| South West | 3 (0.06) | 722 (15.44) | 1,523 (32.56) | 1,133 (24.22) | 1,039 (22.22) | 257 (5.49) | 4,677 (8.24) |
| South Central | 5 (0.08) | 1,032 (15.56) | 2,439 (36.77) | 1,526 (23.00) | 1,245 (18.77) | 387 (5.83) | 6,634 (11.68) |
| London | 56 (0.94) | 1,429 (23.88) | 2,017 (33.71) | 1,107 (18.50) | 957 (16.00) | 417 (6.97) | 5,983 (10.54) |
| South East Coast | 77 (0.63) | 5,643 (45.93) | 3,564 (29.01) | 1,409 (11.47) | 1,027 (8.36) | 567 (4.61) | 12,287 (21.64) |
| Rural–urban classification of GP practice | |||||||
| Rural | 4 (0.08) | 1,659 (33.20) | 1,692 (33.86) | 785 (15.71) | 573 (11.47) | 284 (5.68) | 4,997 (8.80) |
| Urban | 135 (0.36) | 9,381 (25.31) | 11,783 (31.79) | 7,050 (19.02) | 6,042 (16.30) | 2,670 (7.20) | 37,061 (65.27) |
| Missing | 70 (0.48) | 4,309 (29.26) | 4,593 (31.19) | 2,506 (17.02) | 2,070 (14.06) | 1,177 (7.99) | 14,725 (25.93) |
BMI, body mass index; B&A, Black and Asian ethnic groups; CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; GP, general practitioner; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; WM, weight management.
aPercentage of the total variable.
bMedical codes indicating diagnosis with overweight or obesity where BMI category not specified.
cPercentage of “All” (n = 56,783).