Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants with measured D3+ rate and detected Pfkelch13 genotypes from blood samples collected prior to artemisinin-based combination therapy according by study year.
| 2016 | 2017 | 2019 | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Study period | Jan-Dec | Sept-Dec | Aug-Nov | - | |
| No. of patients | 280 | 211 | 361 | 852 | |
| Antimalarial treatment | ASAQ | AL | ASAQ | - | |
| Site | Akordat | 58* | 19* | 88 | 165 |
| Ghindae | - | 15* | - | 15* | |
| Guluj | 73 | 25* | 97 | 195 | |
| Shambuko | 73 | 64 | 88 | 225 | |
| Tokombia | 76 | 88 | 88 | 252 | |
| Median age, years (IQR) | 13.0 (8.0–19.0) | 13.0 (9.0–22.7) | 17.5 (12.0–29.0) | 15.0 (10.0–25.0) | |
| Gender ratio (Female/Male) | 120/160 | 82/129 | 119/242 | 321/531 | |
| Median temperature, °C (IQR) | 38.0 (38.0–39.0) | 38.0 (38.0–38.3) | 38.0 (38.0–38.5) | 38.0 (38.0–39.0) | |
| Median parasite density, μL (IQR) | 7,530 (2,736–18,036) | 7,900 (2,677–22,335) | 9,312 (2,720–23,933) | 8,280 (2,715–21,902) | |
| Day3 positivity (D3+) rate, no. (%) | |||||
| Site | Akordat | 0/54 (0) | 0/19 (0) | 0/88 (0) | 0/161 (0) |
| Ghindae | - | 0/15 (0) | - | 0/15 (0) | |
| Guluj | 0/71 (0) | 0/23 (0) | 1/95 (1.1) | 1/189 (0.5) | |
| Shambuko | 1/73 (1.4) | 4/64 (6.2) | 5/88 (5.7) | 10/225 (4.4) | |
| Tokombia | 0/75 (0) | 0/88 (0) | 9/88 (10.2) | 9/251 (3.6) | |
| Total | 1/273 (0.4) | 4/209 (1.9) | 15/359 (4.2) | 20/841 (2.4) | |
| Pfkelch13 genotype, no. (%) | |||||
| Missing samples | 0/280 (0) | 0/211 (0) | 23/352 (6.5) | 23/852 (2.7) | |
| Missing data | 2/280 (0.7) | 0/211 (0) | 9/352 (2.5) | 11/852 (1.3) | |
| WT | 251/278 (90.3) | 193/211 (91.4) | 254/329 (77.2) | 698/818 (85.3) | |
| Mutant | 503 (K>W) | 1/211 (0.5) | 1/818 (0.1) | ||
| 515 (R>G) | 1/211 (0.5) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 520 (V>A) | 1/278 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 532 (C>W) | 1/329 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 533 (G>N) | 1/329 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 543 (I>V) | 1/329 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 548 (G>C) | 1/329 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 556 (E>K) | 1/329 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 561 (R>H) | 1/329 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 591 (G>N) | 1/278 (0.3) | 1/818 (0.1) | |||
| 622 (R>I) | 24/278 (8.6) | 16/211 (7.6) | 69/329 (21.0) | 109/817 (13.3) | |
| 658 (K>E) | 1/278 (0.3) | 1/817 (0.1) | |||
*
The target number of patients to be enrolled at each study site was estimated, based on power calculations, to be 73. We note that lower than expected numbers of participants were enrolled in Akordat (2016 and 2017), Ghindae (2017 and 2019), and Guluj (2017), mainly due to the low number of malaria cases seen at health centers in this low malaria-transmission region during the study period.