Table 2.
Endoscopy-related characteristics, N=39
| At the time of colitis diagnosis | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Endoscopic findings | |
| Inflammation | |
| Ulcers | 2 (5.1) |
| Non-ulcer inflammation | 30 (76.9) |
| Normal | 7 (17.9) |
| Other findings | |
| Polyps ¶ | 3 (7.6) |
| Histologic findings | |
| Acute inflammation | 18 (46.1) |
| Chronic inflammation | 10 (25.6) |
| Microscopic colitis | 3 (7.6) |
| Normal | 8 (20.5) |
| Treatment of IMC | |
| Corticosteroids only | 16 (41.0) |
| Corticosteroids plus infliximab only | 8 (20.5) |
| Corticosteroids plus vedolizumab only | 7 (17.9) |
| Multiple treatment lines‡ | 8 (20.5) |
| Colitis maintenance treatment (> 3 doses of accumulative biologic agents: infliximab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab) | 8 (20.5) |
| At the time of follow-up endoscopy | |
| Duration from colitis diagnosis to first follow-up endoscopy, months, median (IQR) | 7.1 (2.9-21.7) |
| Duration from colitis diagnosis to last follow-up endoscopy, months, median (IQR) | 12.6 (8.2-18.8) |
| On active colitis treatment | 10 (25.6) |
| On active ICI treatment on follow-up endoscopy | 6 (15.3) |
| Endoscopic findings | |
| Inflammation | |
| Erythema, erosions, vascular congestion and inflammation | 16 (41) |
| Normal | 23 (58.9) |
| Others | |
| New polyps | 20 (51.2) |
| Stricture | 0 (0) |
| Perforation | 0 (0) |
| Histologic findings | |
| Inflammatory findings | |
| Inflammation† | 19 (48.7) |
| Normal histologic findings | 20 (51.2) |
| Others | |
| Adenoma polyps § | 13 (33.3) |
| Endoscopic intervention or surgery | |
| Polypectomy (out of 20 patients with polyps) | 20 (100%) |
| Stricture dilation | 0 (0) |
| Surgical resection of colon cancer | 0 (0) |
| All cause mortality | 7 (21.9) |
Abbreviations: CTCAE v5, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IMC, immune-mediated colitis; IQR, interquartile range; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation
*The 3 patients with cancer on histologic examination on follow-up colonoscopy had a previous diagnosis of colon cancer.
†Among patients with active histologic inflammation on follow-up: 4 patients (10.2%) had acute inflammation, 11 patients (28.2%) had chronic inflammation, 1 patient (2.5%) had acute and chronic inflammation, 3 patients (7.6%) had microscopic colitis.
¶ 2 patients had hyperplastic polyps and 1 patient had an adenoma. All of them were <5 mm in size and removed. These patients had non-ulcer inflammation at the time of colitis diagnosis.
§ 11 patients had tubular adenomas, 2 had tubulovillous adenomas. 1 patient had polyps <5 mm in size, and 11 had polyps >5 mm, and all were removed.
‡ 3 patients received both infliximab and vedolizumab, 1 patient received infliximab and ustekinumab, and 4 patients received FMT alongside other treatments (1 FMT + steroids, 1 FMT + infliximab + vedolizumab, 2 FMT + vedolizumab)