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. 2023 Sep 28;13:16341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42819-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Selected proteins increased in post-ablation plasma induce proliferation of HCC cell lines In-vitro. Key proteins elevated in patient plasma were tested on three human HCC cell lines by incubating the cells with recombinant proteins. (A) Addition of 1 ng/ml EGF with 0.1 ng/ml IL-6 to the growing medium of the cells exclusively induced proliferation of the Huh7 cells. (B) EGF exclusively induced proliferation of Hep3B. (C–E) However, FGF2 induced proliferation in all the HCC cell lines tested. (F) Moreover, FGF2 induced proliferation of a fourth Hus-E/2 cell line (i.e., immortalized normal human hepatocytes). All experiments were performed in triplicate. p-values reported in the graph were calculated by a two tailed t-test.