The gut microbiota established by IX improves metabolic dysfunction. (A) Body weight of mice treated with either an HFD (blue), an HFD + IX (red) or an HFD + IX + antibiotics (green) (n = 6–7 per group). (B) OGTT at 15 weeks old and (C) area under the curve (AUC) measured during OGTT (n = 6–7 per group). (D) Tissue weight at 18 weeks old (n = 6–7 per group). (E) Fecal triglyceride concentrations (n = 7–10 per group). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, using ANOVA, followed by Tukey-Kramer postdoc for (A, C, D, E). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.