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. 2023 Sep 12;77:101797. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101797

Figure 4.

Figure 4

IX promotes the growth of A. muciniphila. (A) Rarefaction curves of Chao1 and Shannon entropy of fecal 16S rRNA sequencing data from HFD-fed mice with or without IX for 2 weeks (red: pre-HFD, blue: post-HFD orange: pre-HFD + IX, green: post-HFD + IX). (B) Principal coordinate analysis of weighted UniFrac distances. (C) Representation of bacterial phyla in the fecal bacteria of HFD-fed mice with or without IX for 2 weeks. (D) Relative abundances of bacteria that showed significant differences between the HFD and HFD + IX groups (n = 4 per group). (E) Eubacterial DNA levels per gram of feces at different time points (n = 6–7 per group). (F) Relative abundance of A. muciniphila normalized to eubacterial levels (n = 6–7 per group). (G)–(N) Growth of bacteria as single cultures in the presence or absence of IX at the indicated concentrations. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, by unpaired t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test (D, E) and ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test (F) or Tukey-Kramer post dot for (G-N). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.